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. 2017 Sep 20;7:12022. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12363-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Control of droplet size. (A) Droplets generated in glass microfluidic channels, using a flow-focusing device with Novec 7300 oil containing 2% w/w fluorosurfactant as the disperse phase and deionized water with 0.2 mM DSPE-PEG(2000)-biotin as the continuous phase. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Droplet size range achieved by varying the continuous flow rate while holding the disperse flow rate fixed at 1 μL/min. Inset shows instance of droplet obtained at different flow rates. Scale bar, 100 μm. (C) Droplet size distribution of a Novec 7300 (2% w/w fluorosurfactant) emulsion generated with the microfluidic device. Average droplet diameter: 27.3 ± 0.5 μm (mean ± standard deviation). (D) Confocal image of a monodisperse emulsion of stable Novec 7300 droplets coated with both fluorosurfactant and DSPE-PEG-biotin, as well as with Alexa-Fluor 633 streptavidin. Scale bar, 20 μm.