Table 1.

Differential diagnosis of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [1]

Infectious
Viral	Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Measles, Human Herpes Virus-8, H1N1 Influenza Virus, Parechovirus, HIV
Bacterial	Brucella spp., Gram negative bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus,
Fungal	Candida, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis, Histoplasma, Aspergillus
Parasitic	Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, Strongyloides
Inflammatory	Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Kawasaki’s disease systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatologic diseases
Neoplastic	T-cell/NK-cell lymphomas, anaplastic large cell lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, various solid tumours (prostate, lung, hepatocellular carcinoma)
Immunodeficiencies	Inherited or acquired immunodeficiency