Table 1.

Currently available psychotherapeutic treatments for children with conduct disorder and high CU traits

Name	Age range	Treatment target	Time range	Directed to (children, parents, teachers etc.)	Main references
CARES Module	3.5–8	Improvement of emotion recognition and labelling; enhancement of pro-social and empathic behaviour; increase of child’s frustration tolerance.	6 weeks	Children	Datyner et al., 2016
ERT	6–16	Enhancement of emotion recognition and interpretation; improvements of empathic abilities.	4 sessions (90 min each)	Children	Dadds et al., [94]
Mental Models	Adolescents	Increase positive emotion and reduce negative affect; improvement of decision-making skills; reduction of psychopathic features.	12 weeks	Children	Salekin et al., [96]
CP Program	7–14	Improvement of emotion recognition, especially anger; increase of child’s ability to cope with anger arousal; enhancement of perspective taking ability and problem solving skills; improvement of parenting skills.	12 months	Children and parents	Lochman and Wells, [97]; Muratori et al., [98]

Legend: CARES coaching and rewarding emotional skills, ERT emotion recognition training, CP coping power