TABLE 4—

Change in Life-Years Lost By Race and Sex, 1995–2015, United States: National Vital Statistics System

	Black Males, %		White Males, %		Black Females, %		White Females, %
Cause of Death	Actual	From Change in Disease-Specific Mortality Rates	Actual	From Change in Disease-Specific Mortality Rates	Actual	From Change in Disease-Specific Mortality Rates	Actual	From Change in Disease-Specific Mortality Rates
Total	7	−52	16	−28	14	−39	17	−16
Largest increase in life-years lost (sorted by increase for all races and sexes)
Accidents (unintentional injuries)	25	−21	42	21	30	−5	58	40
Malignant neoplasms	22	−65	17	−39	32	−41	7	−30
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	52	−32	47	−19	81	1	62	17
Alzheimer’s disease	510	305	324	186	707	476	379	284
Intentional self-harm (suicide)	19	−25	33	10	51	13	73	54
Diabetes mellitus	93	−10	76	11	26	−46	15	−22
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	−7a	−79	68	15	19	−45	96	50
Nephritisb	139	33	135	55	138	45	105	56
Septicemia	81	−5	143	67	94	18	110	63
Essential (primary) hypertensionc	144	29	223	121	112	19	147	88
Largest decrease in life-years lost (sorted by decrease for all races and sexes)
HIV	−85	−111	−92	−97	−78	−95	−87	−89
Diseases of heart	21a	−61	−5	−57	3a	−61	−18	−51
Assault (homicide)	2a	−36	−30	−41	−36	−56	−30	−37
Influenza and pneumonia	−23	−81	−21	−67	−23	−70	−23	−54
Congenital malformationsd	−5	−24	−22	−25	−14	−25	−21	−22
Perinatal conditionse	−8	−22	−14	−12	−14	−23	−7	−3
Atherosclerosis	−31	−99	−56	−99	−46	−99	−62	−91
Cerebrovascular diseases	16a	−64	0	−53	1a	−60	−15	−47
Aortic aneurysm and dissection	28a	−50	−35	−79	−6	−71	−33	−60
Peptic ulcer	−42	−99	−29	−75	−28	−85	−38	−68

Note. Appendix H, available as a supplement to the online version of this article at http://www.ajph.org, provides additional details.

^aThe change in life-years lost had opposite signs between races (by sex).

^bNephritis includes nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis.

^cEssential (primary) hypertension includes hypertensive renal disease, following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s definition for leading causes of death.

^dCongenital malformations include deformations and chromosomal abnormalities.

^ePerinatal conditions include causes originating before birth or in the first 28 days of life, excluding congenital malformations, external injury, and neoplasms.