Table 7.
Summary of reviewed articles comparing microbiological hazards between organic and conventional livestock production
| Animal species | Number of articles | Number of articles with data from <10 conventional (organic) sampling locations | Hazards addressed 1 | Sampling location hazards |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dairy cattle | 15 | 3 (5) Not mentioned 1 (1) | Bacteria negative (1, nd 1), Campylobacter spp. (1, nd 1,), coliform bacteria count (1, nd 1), coliform organisms (1, np 1), Cryptosporidium spp. (2, nd 2,), Enterococcus spp. (1, nd 1), Escherichia coli (3, nd 3), E. coli O157 (1, nd 1), Listeria monocytogenes (1, nd 1), Salmonella spp. (1, nd 1), shiga Toxin-encoding bacteria (2, nd 2), shiga Toxigenic E. coli (2, nd 1, np 1), spore forming bacteria (Bacillus) (1, c>o 1), STEC O157:H7 (1, np 1), Staphylococcus (1, nd 1), Staphylococcus aureus (6, nd 4, np 2), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1, nd 1), Streptococcus uberis (1, nd 1), Streptococcus other (1, nd 1), total bacteria count (1, np 1), total mesophilic bacteria count (1, o>c 1) Total hazards addressed 31, with c>o 1, o>c 1, nd 23, np 6 | Farm 27, retail 4 |
| Beef cattle | 3 | 1 (2) Not mentioned 1 (1) | Condemnations of digestive tract (1, o>c 1), heart (1, nd 1), kidney (1, c>o 1), leg (1, o>c 1), liver (1, c>o 1) and lung (1, c>o 1), Enterobacteriaceae (1, nd 1), E. coli (1, nd 1), L. monocytogenes (1, nd 1), mesophilic aerobic bacteria (1, o>c 1), Salmonella spp. (1, np 1), S. aureus (1, nd 1) Total hazards addressed 12, with c>o 3, o>c 3, nd 5, np 1 | Slaughterhouse 6, retail 6 |
| Pigs | 9 | 1 (6) Not mentioned 0 (0) | Campylobacter (1, np 1), Enterobacteriaceae (1, nd 1), E. coli (2, o>c 2), Hepatitis E virus (3, o>c 1, np 2), L. monocytogenes (6, o>c 5, np 1), mesophilic aerobic bacteria (1, nd 1), Salmonella (4, nd 3, np 1),Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (7, o>c 1, np 6), Yersinia enterocolitica (5, c>o 3, nd 1, np 1) Total hazards addressed 28, with c>o 3, o>c 9, nd 6, np 12 | Farm 12, slaughterhouse 12, retail 4 |
| Broilers | 19 | 5 (14) Not mentioned 2 (2) | Aerobic bacteria (1, np 1), Campylobacter coli (1, np 1), Campylobacter jejuni (1, np 1), Campylobacter spp. (15, o>c 4, nd 2, np 9), enterobacteriaceae (2, c>o 1, o>c 1), Enterococcus spp. (2, o>c 1, np 1), E. coli (2, o>c 2), faecal coliforms (1, c>o 1), L. monocytogenes (2, nd 2), mesophilic aerobic bacteria (1, nd 1), psychotrophs (1, o>c 1), Salmonella spp. (14, c>o 2, o>c 2, nd 3, np 7), S. aureus (2, nd 1, np 1), Staphylococcus spp. (1, np 1) Total hazards addressed 46, with c>o 4, o>c 11, nd 9, np 22 | Farm 14, slaughterhouse 9, retail 23 |
| Laying hens | 6 | 3 (3) Not mentioned 1 (1) | Aerobic bacteria (2, o>c 1, nd 1), Campylobacter spp. (1, np 1), Citrobacter (1, np 1), coliforms (1, nd 1), Enterobacter (1, np 1), Enterobacteriaceae (1, nd 1), Enterococcus spp. (4, nd 1, np 3), E. coli spp. (1, np 1), gram-negative bacteria (1, c>o 1), Listeria spp. (3, np 3), moulds and yeasts (1, nd 1), Pantoea (1, np 1), Pseudomonas spp. (1, nd 1), psychotrophs (1, nd 1), Salmonella enterica (1, np 1), Salmonella enteritidis (1, np 1), Salmonella spp. (2, np 2), Staphylococcus spp. (1, c>o 1), total microorganisms (3, np 3) Total hazards addressed 28, with c>o 2, o>c 1, nd 7, np 18 | Farm 16, retail 12 |
Number of times in all articles: c>o=number of times conventional higher than organic; o>c=number of times organic higher than conventional; nd=number of times no difference; np=number of times no quantitative P-value.
1
Only non-zero values mentioned.