Fig. 1.

Dynamics of gut breakdown following C. parvum infection of bovine gut biopsies. A and C representative histology images from a single animal infected or not at 1hr or 18hr post-infection cultured in the absence (A) or presence of abx (C) scale bar represents 200 μm. (B) and (D) Changes in the length of villi were measured for three images for timepoint per animal for three individual animal, the graph displays mean ± SEM over time of three animals; (B) data quantified from no abx and (D) data quantified from cultures with abx. 2-way Anova was used to determine differences in villi length overtime in the presence of absence or Abx and C. parvum. Differences within abx treatments (Antibiotics or No antibiotics) are shown with *, where * P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. Across the abx or no abx treatments a significant difference was found between C. parvum infected cultures at 6 h denoted by # P < 0.05. (E) LDH was quantified in the biopsy media at 6, 12, and 18 h and reported as OD@490 nm; 2-way Anova was used to determine the interaction between C. parvum infection or not and abx or not. For infected cultures there was a significant (*P<0.05) differences in the presence or absence or abx. Similarly, independent of abx there was an effect of C. parvum on LDH release.