Fig. 2.

(A) IL-1β was measured in gut biopsy culture supernatant at 18 h post-infection by ELISA. There was no impact of infection on IL-1β but a significant increase following removal of antibiotics, tested by 1-way anova (*P < 0.05). (B) IL-17A kinetics, levels increased over time to a peak at 9 h. Levels were significantly elevated in all infected conditions compared to 1hr; 2-way anova **P < 0.01. Significant differences were also found between cultures with and without abx at 9 h #P < 0.05. Results are mean ± SEM of three animals. (C) Fibroblasts pre-treated with IL-17A had reduced plaque numbers following infection with C. parvum for 24 h, as judged by 1-way anova (*P < 0.05), results presented are mean ± SEM of three experiments.