Table 1. Evaluation of microbiological safety parameters (cfu/g for B. cereus and S. aureus; presence/absence in 25 g for Cl. perfringens, Salmonella and Listeria) of fresh bee pollen samples from hives mounting front trap (FT), wall trap (WT) and bottom trap (BT).
| Parameter | Sampling time | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | ||
| FT | B. cereus | 2.01 | 4.23 | 3.98 | 4.62 | u.d.l.a | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. |
| S. aureus | 3.00 | 0.95 | 2.08 | 3.95 | u.d.l. | 3.2 | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | |
| Cl. perfringens | -b | - | - | +c | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Salmonella | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | |
| Listeria | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| WT | B. cereus | 3.00 | 4.83 | 3.04 | 4.41 | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. |
| S. aureus | 2.02 | u.d.l. | 2.62 | 3.57 | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | |
| Cl. perfringens | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Salmonella | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Listeria | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| BT | B. cereus | 2.98 | 3.18 | 4.30 | 4.49 | 2.65 | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. |
| S. aureus | 3.78 | 2.08 | 2.64 | 3.08 | u.d.l. | 3.2 | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | u.d.l. | |
| Cl. perfringens | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | |
| Salmonella | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | |
| Listeria | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Values are means of three independent replicates and standard deviation was always less then 1% of mean value.
au.d.l.: under detectable limit of 10 cfu/g.
b-: absent in 25 g of pollen.
c+: present in 25 g of pollen.