TABLE 2.

Multivariate Cox Regression Analyses on Progression to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy or Vitreous Hemorrhage

	Progression to PDR			Progression to VH
	HR	95% CI	P Value	HR	95% CI	P Value
Age	0.98	0.97–0.98	<2 × 10−16	0.98	0.97–0.98	<2 × 10−16
Sex	0.95	0.89–1.01	.093	1.08	0.96–1.23	.20
Non-Caucasian	0.94	0.89–1.00	.65	0.76	0.66–0.87	6.80 × 10−5
VA	0.99	0.98–0.99	<2 × 10−16	0.98	0.98–0.98	<2 × 10−16
DR level
No DR	Ref			Ref
Very mild NPDR	4.02	3.25–4.96	<2 × 10−16	1.68	1.24–2.27	8.1 × 10−4
Mild NPDR	6.71	5.46–8.24	<2 × 10−16	2.56	1.91–3.42	2.36 × 10−10
Moderate NPDR	14.80	12.10–18.09	<2 × 10−16	5.60	4.26–7.36	<2 × 10−16
Severe NPDR	28.19	22.92–34.67	<2 × 10−16	7.29	5.41–9.84	<2 × 10−16
Very severe NPDR	58.42	46.95–72.70	<2 × 10−16	12.60	9.03–17.57	<2 × 10−16
	Progression to PDR			Progression to VH
	HR	95% CI	P Value	HR	95% CI	P Value
Age	0.99	0.98–0.99	.0056	0.97	0.95–0.99	.039
Sex	0.92	0.71–1.19	.53	1.20	0.60–2.40	.61
Non-Caucasian	1.01	0.77–1.31	.96	0.76	0.27–1.59	.47
VA	0.99	0.98–0.99	1.60 × 10−5	0.97	0.96–0.98	2.55 × 10−13
DR feature
Venous beading	Ref			Ref
4 quadrants DBH	1.47	0.94–2.31	.88	3.84	1.39–10.62	.0095
IRMA	1.77	1.25–2.49	.0013	1.42	0.55–3.66	.47

CI = confidence interval; DBH = >2A dot-blot hemorrhages; DR = diabetic retinopathy; HR = hazard ratio; IRMA = inner retinal microvascular abnormalities; NPDR = nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy; VA = visual acuity; VH = vitreous hemorrhage.