Fig. 5.

Mitochondrial fragmentation and damage in theIdh2^+/+andIdh2^-/-mouse livers after HIR. Livers were harvested 1 h or 5 h after surgery. (A) Mitochondrial structures were evaluated under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Upper panels are at low magnification. Lower panels are at high magnification and are the regions that are within the rectangular box in the upper panels. The extent of mitochondrial abnormal enlargement (B) and loss of cristae (C) were measured. (D) The mitochondrial aspect ratio [(major axis) to (minor axis)] was measured. (E) Livers samples 5 h after surgery were subjected to western blot analysis using anti-Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1) and Fission 1 (Fis1) antibodies. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (F, G) Densities of the bands on the blots were measured using ImageJ software. (H) Five hours after surgery, ATP levels were measured. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). *, p < 0.05 vs. respective sham-operated mice. †, p < 0.05 vs. ischemia-operated Idh2^+/+. IDH2, mitochondrial NADP⁺-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2.