Table 1.

Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, and CDR scores by gender and study group.

	All (n = 649)	Men (n = 230)	Women (n = 419)	Pa	CEb (n = 168)		MDc (n = 201)		DCd (n = 144)		GHe (n = 136)		Pf
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)
Age (yrs)	80.4 (8.4)	77.2 (8.4)	82.3 (7.7)	<0.001	73.5 (5.9)	u,v,wg	81.2 (8.1)	u,y,z	83.6 (7.5)	v,y	84.4 (7.1)	w,z	<0.001
Height (cm)	152.6 (9.9)	162.3 (6.7)	147.3 (6.9)	<0.001	156.7 (9.3)	u,v,w	153.9 (9.4)	u,y,z	150.5 (10.2)	v,y	147.6 (8.6)	w,z	<0.001
Weight (kg)	51.5 (10.8)	59.1 (9.4)	47.2 (9.1)	<0.001	56.9 (10.5)	u,v,w	50.4 (10.4)	u,x	50.7 (10.7)	v,y	47.2 (9.3)	w,x,y	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	22.0 (3.7)	22.4 (3.1)	21.8 (3.9)	<0.001	23.1 (3.4)	u,v	21.2 (3.3)	u,w	22.3 (4.0)	w	21.7 (3.8)	v	<0.001
CDR score	MD + DC + GH groups				CE (n = 168)		MD (n = 201)		DC (n = 144)		GH (n = 136)
	All (n = 481)	Men (n = 145)	Women (n = 336)
0	22.7 (%)	27.8	20.5	0.087h	NA		0.3		34.1		0.0		<0.001h
0.5	19.6	21.6	18.8		NA		32.0		0.0		11.3
1	34.4	27.8	37.3		NA		20.7		57.1		42.7
2	15.3	13.6	16.0		NA		9.3		6.3		34.7
3	8.0	9.1	7.5		NA		8.7		2.4		11.3

CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; CE, community-dwelling elderly; DC, day-care facilities; GH, group homes; MD, meal delivery; NA, not applicable; SD, standard deviation.

^aComparisons between sexes using t-test.

^bCommunity-dwelling elderly attending health promotion classes.

^cElderly receiving meal delivery services.

^dElderly attending day-care facilities.

^eElderly staying at group homes.

^fComparisons across four study groups using ANOVA.

^gStatistically significant across the same letters (u, v, w, x, y, and z) by ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni adjustment.

^hχ² test.