Table 2.
CNAQ-J scores by question item, gender, and study group.
| Question item | All (n = 649) |
Men (n = 230) |
Women (n = 419) |
Pa | CEb (n = 168) |
MDc (n = 201) |
DCd (n = 144) |
GHe (n = 136) |
Pf | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||||
| #1 | Appetite | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.8) | 0.746 | 3.4 (0.7) | u,vg | 3.4 (0.8) | w,x | 3.7 (0.7) | u,w | 3.8 (0.7) | v,x | <0.001 |
| #2 | Feeling full | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.6) | 0.748 | 3.7 (0.6) | u | 3.7 (0.7) | v,w | 3.8 (0.5) | v | 3.9 (0.5) | u,w | <0.001 |
| #3 | Feeling hungry | 2.8 (1.0) | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.0) | 0.167 | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.7 (1.2) | 2.9 (0.8) | 0.115 | ||||
| #4 | Food tastes | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.7) | 0.088 | 3.5 (0.6) | u,v,w | 3.4 (0.7) | u,x,y | 3.9 (0.7) | v,x | 3.8 (0.6) | w,y | <0.001 |
| #5 | Food tastes compared to when younger | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.6) | 0.819 | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.5) | u | 3.2 (0.7) | u | <0.01 | ||
| #6 | Meal frequency a day | 4.0 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.4) | 0.246 | 4.0 (0.4) | u | 4.0 (0.6) | v | 4.2 (0.5) | u,v,w | 4.0 (0.1) | w | <0.001 |
| #7 | Feeling sick or nauseated when eating | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.5 (0.6) | 4.7 (0.6) | 0.018 | 4.6 (0.5) | u,v | 4.4 (0.8) | u,w,x | 4.8 (0.4) | v,w | 4.7 (0.7) | x | <0.001 |
| #8 | Usual mood | 3.7 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.7) | 0.238 | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.7) | u | 3.7 (0.7) | u | 3.6 (0.8) | <0.05 | ||
| Total | 29.3 (3.4) | 29.1 (3.4) | 29.4 (3.3) | 0.339 | 28.9 (2.8) | u | 28.2 (3.8) | v,w | 29.8 (2.6) | v,x | 30.9 (3.3) | u,w,x | <0.001 | |
CE, community-dwelling elderly; DC, day-care facilities; GH, group homes; MD, meal delivery; SD, standard deviation.
a
Comparisons between sexes using t-test.
b
Community-dwelling elderly attending health promotion classes.
c
Elderly receiving meal delivery services.
d
Elderly attending day-care facilities.
e
Elderly staying at group homes.
f
Comparisons across four study groups using ANOVA.
g
Statistically significant across the same letters (u, v, w, x, y, and z) by ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni adjustment.