Table 1.
Participant characteristics stratified by gender.
| Total Mean (SD) or n (%) | Boys Mean (SD) or n (%) | Girls Mean (SD) or n (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant & Family Characteristics | ||||
| N (%)b | 5518 | 2975 (53.9) | 2543 (46.1) | |
| Age, years | 10.24 (0.96) | 10.30 (0.96) | 10.18 (0.96) | <0.001 |
| Height, cm | 138.85 (8.26) | 138.62 (7.98) | 139.12 (8.57) | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 33.05 (8.50) | 33.80 (8.90) | 32.18 (7.93) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 16.94 (2.99) | 17.37 (3.18) | 16.43 (2.66) | <0.001 |
| BMI z-score | −0.14 (1.32) | 0.07 (1.40) | −0.39 (1.18) | <0.001 |
| Overweight, %b | 745 (13.2) | 483 (15.7) | 262 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| Obesity, %b | 411 (7.3) | 338 (11.0) | 73 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 58.35 (7.75) | 60.04 (8.41) | 56.40 (6.38) | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.42 (0.05) | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.41 (0.04) | <0.001 |
| BF%a | 24.30 (7.44) | 20.44 (7.52) | 28.77 (4.06) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | |||
| Sitting, hours per day | 7.21 (2.75) | 7.31 (2.80) | 7.10 (2.68) | 0.78 |
| Light physical activities, hours per day | 4.75 (1.65) | 4.72 (1.64) | 4.78 (1.67) | 0.73 |
| Moderate physical activity, hours per day | 1.74 (1.24) | 1.74 (1.24) | 1.74 (1.24) | 0.26 |
| Vigorous physical activity, hours per day | 1.52 (1.22) | 1.59 (1.21) | 1.45 (1.22) | 0.49 |
| Maternal educational level | 0.04 | |||
| Junior high school and below | 2328 (43.6) | 1287 (44.9) | 1041 (42.1) | |
| Middle high school | 2288 (42.8) | 1232 (43.0) | 1056 (42.7) | |
| University and above | 724 (13.6) | 349 (12.2) | 375 (15.2) | |
| Paternal educational level | 0.02 | |||
| Junior high school and below | 2746 (51.3) | 1526 (53.3) | 1220 (49.0) | |
| Middle high school | 2005 (37.5) | 1046 (36.6) | 959 (38.5) | |
| University and above | 598 (11.2) | 289 (10.1) | 309 (12.4) | |
| Average income monthly, Yuan per person | 2669.3 (5117.8) | 2636.9 (5203.3) | 2706.9 (5157.6) | 0.07 |
| Sleep variables | ||||
| Average nocturnal sleep duration, hours per night | 9.61 (1.00) | 9.58 (1.08) | 9.64 (0.90) | 0.88 |
| Weekday sleep duration, hours per night | 9.25 (1.00) | 9.25 (1.04) | 9.24 (0.94) | 0.17 |
| Weekend sleep duration, hours per night | 9.97 (1.50) | 9.92 (1.65) | 10.04 (1.28) | 0.29 |
| Average bedtime | 21:58 (59 min) | 21:59 (58 min) | 21:56 (50 min) | 0.20 |
| Weekday sleep bedtime | 21:32 (57 min) | 21:31 (55 min) | 21:31 (51 min) | 0.97 |
| Weekend sleep bedtime | 22:23 (86 min) | 22:26 (83 min) | 22:20 (66 min) | 0.07 |
| Total sleep disturbance score | 29.24 (4.92) | 29.15 (4.84) | 29.31 (5.00) | 0.20 |
BF%, body fat percentage; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.
P values were calculated by chi-squared tests for categorical variables and two-sample t-tests for continuous variables between genders. Bold type indicates p < 0.05.
Data marked with “b” as frequencies, all others were presented as means (standard deviations).
a
Based on a sub-sample of 2795 participants.