Table 2.
VAS reduction in patients with isolated orthopedic trauma.
| Time-Group | VAS reduction based primarily pain |
Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30< | 13-30 mm | <13 mm | |||
| T10 | Ketamine- IN [n (%)] | 26 (33.76%) | 49 (63.63%) | 2 (2.59%) | 77 |
| Ketamine- IV [n (%)] | 77 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 77 | |
| T20 | Ketamine- IN [n (%)] | 75 (100) | 0 | 0 | 75 |
| Ketamine- IV [n (%)] | 77 (100) | 0 | 0 | 77 | |
| T30 | Ketamine- IN [n (%)] | 58 (77.33%) | 17 (22.66%) | 0 (0%) | 75 |
| Ketamine- IV [n (%)] | 63 (81.82%) | 14 (18.18%) | 0 (0%) | 77 | |
T: time (minute), VAS: visual analog scale, mm: millimeter, IN: intranasal, IV: intravenous.