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. 2017 Sep 21;7:12084. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12360-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Valproic acid affects adhesion of HSPCs and suppresses their migration toward SDF-1 in vitro. G-CSF mobilized CD34⁺ HSPCs were treated in vitro for 5 days with VPA or PBS and analyzed for the expression of molecules that are involved in cell adhesion and migration. The functional consequence of VPA-treatment on the migratory capacity toward SDF-1 was also evaluated. (a) Representative dot-plot of CD184 (CXCR4) expression on the cell surface of CD34⁺ cells as determined by flow cytometry. (b) VPA-treatment significantly reduced the expression of CXCR4 on the cell surface of CD34⁺ cells compared to control cells (n = 3), measured by flow cytometry. (c) Reduced CXCR4 expression was confirmed by quantitative PCR (n = 3). (d) Trans-well migration assay showed that VPA-treatment significantly reduced the migration capacity of CD34⁺ cells toward an SDF-1 gradient (100 ng/ml) compared to control cells (n = 4). (e) Representative plot of CD146 (MCAM) expression on the cell surface of CD34⁺ cells as determined by flow cytometry. (f) Flow cytometric analysis showed that VPA-treatment significantly increased surface expression of MCAM on CD34⁺ cells compared to controls (n = 4). (g) Significantly higher expression of MCAM in VPA expanded CD34⁺ cells was verified by quantitative PCR (n = 4). (h) RNA sequencing revealed that VPA-treatment substantially changed the expression of molecules involved in cell adhesion and migration in CD34⁺ cells compared to control cells, including CXCR4 and MCAM (n = 4). Data are mean ± SD, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.