Table 4.

Randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness of specialized integrated early intervention services for first‐episode psychosis

Study	Intervention	Control	Treatment group (N)	Control group (N)	Follow‐up (months)	Outcome
Craig et al98	Specialized integrated early intervention (antipsychotics, cognitive behaviour therapy, family counselling, vocational help)	Treatment as usual in community care	71	73	18	No difference in relapse, reduced psychiatric hospitalization and disengagement
Kuipers et al99	Specialized integrated early intervention (atypical antipsychotics, cognitive behaviour therapy, family intervention, vocational help)	Treatment as usual in community care	32	27	12	No significant benefits including psychiatric hospitalization
Grawe et al100 Sigrúnarson et al101	Specialized integrated early intervention (family psychoeducation and therapy, home crisis management, cognitive behaviour therapy, antipsychotics)	Treatment as usual in community care	30	20	24 168	At 24 months, reduced negative and positive symptoms; no benefits on psychiatric hospitalization or recurrences. No substantial long‐term effects.
Petersen et al102 Bertelsen et al103 Secher et al104	Specialized integrated early intervention (family psychoeducation, social skills training, antipsychotics)	Treatment as usual in community care	275	272	12, 24 60 120	At 12 months, reduced hospitalization. At 24 months, improvement on positive and negative symptoms, substance abuse, treatment adherence; lower dosage of antipsychotic medication, higher satisfaction with treatment, reduced burden to the family; no effect on psychiatric hospitalization. At 60 months, many positive effects disappeared; more patients living independently. At 120 months, most positive effects had diminished or vanished.
Kane et al105	Specialized integrated early intervention (family psychoeducation, resilience‐focused individual therapy, supported employment and education, antipsychotics)	Treatment as usual in community care	223	131	24	Reduced disengagement, greater improvement in quality of life, well‐being and total psychopathology, greater involvement in work and school, no effect on psychiatric hospitalization
Ruggeri et al106	Specialized integrated early intervention (cognitive behaviour therapy, family intervention, case management, antipsychotics)	Treatment as usual in community care	272	172	9	Reduced total symptom severity, improved functioning and emotional well‐being; no effect on psychiatric hospitalization or disengagement
Srihari et al107	Specialized integrated early intervention (antipsychotics, family education, cognitive behaviour therapy, vocational support)	Treatment as usual in community care	60	57	24	Reduced psychiatric hospitalization, positive and total psychotic symptoms, improved vocational engagement, no effect on functioning
Chang et al108 Chang et al109	3‐year specialized integrated early intervention (psychosocial interventions, cognitive behaviour therapy, antipsychotics)	2‐year specialized integrated early intervention and 1‐year step‐down care	82	78	12	Better functioning, reduced negative and depressive symptoms and disengagement, no effect on psychiatric hospitalization
Ando et al110	Specialized integrated early intervention	Treatment as usual in community care	34	34	9	No effects on disengagement, functional remission, psychiatric hospitalization, self‐harm, suicide attempt, social relationship