TABLE 1.

Deficiencies in neonatal immune cells compared to adult cells

Cell type	Characteristic of neonatal cells relative to adult cells	Reference(s)
Neutrophils	Reduced no. of stored cells	36
	Reduced recruitment to sites of infection	37
	Initially reduced phagocytic ability	38
	Delayed NET response	39, 40
Monocytes	Higher no. of cells	41, 42
	Reduced recruitment to sites of infection	43
	Similar phagocytic ability	38
	Reduced cytokine production in response to stimuli	44
	Diminished antigen presentation capacity	47
Macrophages	Low no. of alveolar macrophages immediately after birth	49
	Reduced antigen processing and presentation	50
	Delayed response to recruit monocytes and neutrophils to site of infection	49
	Similar migration and ROS production	41
Dendritic cells	Reduced capacity to stimulate other immune cells	54
	Reduced IFN-α/β production	56
	Similar level of proinflammatory cytokine production	57
T cells	Higher no. of Th2 cells	63
	Diminished no. of Th1 cells	63
	Diminished no./lack of Th17 cells	64
B cells	Immature development of surface Ig	65
	Deficient signaling through the BCR	66