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. 2017 Sep 21;7:12052. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12324-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SEM images showing morphological trap characteristics of U. multifida. (A) Sagittal section through a trap (scale bar = 500 µm). The long, tubular and narrow trap entrance is densely covered with glands pointing towards the trapdoor. The free door edge and the threshold are visible. (B) Sagittal section through the trap entrance with intact trapdoor (scale bar = 100 µm). Note the small sessile glandular structures on the trapdoor. (C) Detail view of the sessile glandular structures (scale bar = 20 µm). (D) View on the inner surface of the trapdoor (scale bar = 100 µm). Concentric cellular constrictions could not be detected. (E) Posterior part of a bladder filled with caught copepods (scale bar = 100 µm). Note the characteristic triangular shape of the U. multifida bladder and its thick and putatively stiff trap walls. Abbreviations: cp = copepod, de = door edge, sg = sessile glands, th = threshold.