Table 3.
Serum bone biomarker concentrations compared between disease groups
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio per ng/mL increase in concentration | 95% CI | p value | odds ratio per ng/mL increase in concentration | 95% CI | p value | |
| PsA vs. PsC cases | ||||||
| Dkk-1 | 1.16 | 1.03, 1.32 | 0.02 | 1.14* | 0.99, 1.31 | 0.07 |
| M-CSF | 0.23 | 0.13, 0.39 | <1 × 10−7 | 0.44* | 0.24, 0.82 | 0.01 |
| MMP-3 | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.03 | 0.03 | 1.02* | 1.01, 1.03 | 4 × 10−4 |
| OPG | 2.36 | 0.80, 6.92 | 0.12 | 2.51* | 0.68, 9.28 | 0.17 |
| RAD vs. non-RAD cases | ||||||
| Dkk-1 | 1.23 | 1.06, 1.44 | 0.01 | 1.22** | 1.05, 1.42 | 0.01 |
| M-CSF | 0.60 | 0.31, 1.17 | 0.13 | 0.64** | 0.32, 1.26 | 0.19 |
| MMP-3 | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.02 | 0.20 | 1.00** | 1.00, 1.01 | 0.30 |
| OPG | 0.17 | 0.05, 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.20** | 0.05, 0.80 | 0.02 |
| AS vs. PsSpA cases | ||||||
| Dkk-1 | 1.15 | 1.01, 1.30 | 0.04 | 1.18**** | 1.02, 1.35 | 0.02 |
| M-CSF | 1.16 | 0.50, 2.78 | 0.72 | 1.28**** | 0.52, 3.22 | 0.59 |
| MMP-3 | 1.00 | 1.00, 1.01 | 0.24 | 1.00**** | 1.00, 1.01 | 0.17 |
| OPG | 0.22 | 0.03, 1.54 | 0.13 | 0.31**** | 0.04, 2.27 | 0.25 |
| PsSpA vs. pPsA cases | ||||||
| Dkk-1 | 1.08 | 0.95, 1.23 | 0.26 | 1.06*** | 0.95, 1.19 | 0.28 |
| M-CSF | 0.55 | 0.25, 1.21 | 0.14 | 0.50*** | 0.22, 1.11 | 0.09 |
| MMP-3 | 1.01 | 0.99, 1.02 | 0.31 | 1.00*** | 0.99, 1.02 | 0.73 |
| OPG | 0.30 | 0.08, 1.15 | 0.08 | 0.28*** | 0.06, 1.18 | 0.08 |
All models were adjusted potentially for sex, age, disease duration, anti-TNF use, and where appropriate psoriasis, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Severity Score (ASDAS), body mass index and RAD)
PsSpA psoriatic spondyloarthritis (n = 118), PsA psoriatic arthritis (n = 201), pPsA peripheral-only PsA (n = 127), AS ankylosing spondylitis (n = 157), RAD radiographic axial disease (n = 274), Dkk-1 Dickkopf 1, OPG osteoprotegerin, MMP-3 matrix metalloproteinase 3, M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
*Multivariable logistic regression (reduced model adjusted for age, disease duration, and the Psoriatic Arthritis Spondylitis Radiology Index
**Multivariable logistic regression (reduced model adjusted for sex, age, and disease duration)
***Multivariable logistic regression (reduced model adjusted for the ASDAS)
****Multivariable logistic regression (reduced model adjusted for sex, age, and disease duration)