Table 1. Description of studies retrieved from the literature.
| Type of study | Included trials,
number |
Patients,
number a |
Favorable
ketamine outcome? |
Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketamine for acute pain (emergency or pre-hospital setting) | |||||
| Lee and Lee (2016) 21 | Meta-analysis | 6 | 438 | No | |
| Motov et al. (2016) 22 | Literature review | 8 | NA | Yes | |
| Sin et al. (2015) 23 | Literature review | 4 | 428 | No | |
| Jennings et al. (2011) 24 | Literature review | 6 | 340 | - | Insufficient quantitative data available |
| Duncan and Riley
(2016) 25 |
Literature review | 2 | 158 | No | |
| Ketamine for acute postoperative pain | |||||
| Michelet et al. (2016) 26 | Meta-analysis | 11 | 508 | No | Study in children; trial sequential analysis |
| Assouline et al. (2016) 27 | Meta-analysis | 19 | 1,453 | Yes | Population includes children; trial sequential
analysis |
| Wang et al. (2016) 28 | Meta-analysis | 36 | 3,502 | Yes | |
| Mayhood and Cress
(2015) 29 |
Meta-analysis | 5 | NA | Yes | Ketamine preoperatively given as gargle |
| Cho et al. (2014) 30 | Meta-analysis | 24 | 1,257 | Yes | Tonsillectomy in children |
| Ding et al. (2014) 31 | Meta-analysis | 7 | 492 | Yes | Ketamine + morphine versus morphine |
| Tong et al. (2014) 32 | Meta-analysis | 10 | 522 | Yes | Tonsillectomy in children |
| Yang et al. (2014) 33 | Meta-analysis | 5 | 266 | Yes | |
| Mathews et al. (2012) 34 | Literature review | 9 | NA | Yes | Study includes RCTs and systematic reviews |
| Dahmani et al. (2011) 35 | Meta-analysis | 35 | 1,925 | Yes | Children; systemic, local, and caudal
ketamine studied |
| Laskowski et al. (2011) 36 | Meta-analysis | 70 | 4,071 | Yes | |
| Bell et al. (2009) 37 | Meta-analysis | 37 | 2,240 | Yes | |
| Elia and Tramèr (2005) 38 | Meta-analysis | 53 | 2,839 | Yes | Population includes children |
| Subramaniam
et al.
(2004) 39 |
Meta-analysis | 37 | 2,385 | Yes | Studies in children included |
| Ketamine for prevention of persistent postoperative pain | |||||
| Klatt et al. (2015) 40 | Meta-analysis | 10 | 784 | No | |
| McNicol et al. (2014) 41 | Meta-analysis | 17 | 1,015 | No | |
| Ketamine for chronic non-cancer pain | |||||
| Bell (2009) 20 | Literature review | 29 | 579 | No | Acute but no sustained pain relief |
| Maher et al. (2017) 42 | Literature review | 26 | 315 | No | Variable effects depending on protocol |
| Connolly et al. (2015) 43 | Literature review | 45 | NA | No | Ketamine in CRPS; includes reviews, RCTs,
observational studies, and case reports |
| Noppers et al. (2010) 44 | Literature review | 36 | 776 | No | Acute pain; sustained pain relief when
administered for at least 10 hours |
| Blonk et al. (2010) 45 | Literature review | 20 | 166 | No | Studies on oral ketamine |
| Ketamine for cancer pain | |||||
| Jonkman et al. (2017) 5 | Literature review | 4 | 245 | No | |
| Bredlau et al. (2013) 46 | Literature review | 11 | 483 | Effect in some
patients |
Includes five RCTs and six uncontrolled
studies |
| Bell et al. (2012) 47 | Meta-analysis | 2 | 30 | - | Evidence is insufficient |
aIncludes treatment and control. CRPS complex regional pain syndrome; NA, not available; RCT, randomized controlled trial.