Table I.

Primers used for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Gene	Direction	Primer sequence
Smad7	F	5′-GGGTTTACAACCGCAGCAGT-3′
	R	5′-GCCTTGATGGAGAAACCAGG-3′
TGFβ1	F	5′-AAACGGAAGCGCATCGAA-3′
	R	5′-GGGACTGGCGAGCCTTAGTT-3′
Smad2	F	5′-GTGTTTGCCGAGTGCCTAAGT-3′
	R	5′-TTACAGCCTGGTGGGATTTTG-3′
Smad3	F	5′-GGACGCAGGCTCTCCAAAC-3′
	R	5′-AGGAGATGGAGCACCAAAAGG-3′
TIMP-1	F	5′-GATTCGACGCTGTGGGAAAT-3′
	R	5′-AAACTCCTCGCTGCGGTTCT-3′
Collagen I	F	5′-CTCCCAGCGGTGGTTATGAC-3′
	R	5′-TGCTGGCTCAGGCTCTTGA-3′
Collagen	F	5′-CCCTCTCTTATTTTGGCACAGC-3′
III	R	5′-TGACATGGTTCTGGCTTCCAG-3′
α-SMA	F	5′-AATGGCTCCGGGCTCTGTA-3′
	R	5′-TTCCAACCATCACTCCCTGG-3′
TβRI	F	5′-GCTGTGGTTGGTGTCGGATT-3′
	R	5′-CGTGGACAGAGCGAGTTTGAT-3′
MMP1	F	5′-CACAACAATCCTCGTTGGACC-3′
	R	5′-AAGGCTCTCTCGATGGCGTT-3′
GAPDH	F	5′-AGGGCTGCCTTCTCTTGTGA-3′
	R	5′-AACTTGCCGTGGGTAGAGTCA-3′

Smad, Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic; F, forward; R, reverse; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; TβRI, TGF-β receptor I; MMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase 1.