Figure 2. Metabolic adaptations of male mice to low-carbohydrate diets.
(A) Body weights along the longevity study (n = 43–44).
(B) Fat mass from 1 to 14 months of dietary interventions (n = 15); + = fat mass is greater (p < 0.05) for the LCD versus the other groups.
(C) Circulating levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, 3 hours postprandrial.
For the physiological tests (D–F) and protein levels in liver (G–K), animals were on the diets for 1 month. (D) RER during two 24 hour cycles for each dietary group (n = 7). (E) GTT after a 16-hour fast, the areas under the curve (AUC) differ between the KD and the control (n = 6). (F) ITT after a 4-hour fast, AUC differ between the LCD and the KD (n = 6).
Quantification of (G) ACC, (H) PDH, (I) MCAD, (J) p-ACC, (K) p-PDH and (L) CPT2 protein levels in liver by western blot. (M) Representative blots are shown for each protein. A representative loading control is shown for each case (n = 4–8).
Diets: C = control, LC = low-carbohydrate, K = ketogenic.
* p < 0.05 between diets.
ap < 0.05 between 13-mo and 26-mo for the same diet.
See also Figures S1 and S2.