Table 2.
Summary of TCM on Mechanisms of Anti-PD.
| TCM or extract of TCM | Anti-PD mechanisms | Model | Inducer | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchanling | The inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation; The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | SD rats | Lactacystin | Gao, 2007; Wu et al., 2009 |
| Baicalein | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction; The reduction of toxic EAA; The inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation | PC12 cells/C57BL/6 mice/SD rats | H2O2/Rotenone/Rotenone | Zhang et al., 2010, 2017; Lu et al., 2011; Hu et al., 2016 |
| Baichanting Compound | The inhibition of oxidative stress | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP | Ren et al., 2015 |
| Bilobalide | The inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation | PC12 cells | Rotenone | Shi et al., 2011; Zeng et al., 2013 |
| Bushen Huoxue Granule | The inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation | SD rats | 6-OHDA | Li et al., 2012; Yu et al., 2016 |
| Carnosic acid | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | SH-SY5Y cells/Wistar rats | 6-OHDA/6-OHDA | Wu et al., 2015 |
| Catalpol | The regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction | Kunming mice | Rotenone | Shi et al., 2012 |
| Celastrol | The inhibition of neuroinflammation | Drosophila DJ-1A | – | Faust et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2012 |
| Curcumin | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuroinflammation | C57BL/6 mice/Lewis rats | MPTP/Rotenone | Pan et al., 2007; Cui et al., 2016 |
| Forsythia suspense extract | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuroinflammation | PC12 cell/SD rats | Rotenone/Rotenone | Zhang S. et al., 2016 |
| Ganoderma lucidium spore | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuroinflammation | Wistar rats | 6-OHDA | Bao, 2014 |
| Geniposide | The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP | Chen et al., 2015a,c; Zhao et al., 2016 |
| Ginkgo biloba Pingchan Recipe | The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | SH-SY5Y cells/C57BL mice | MPP+/MPTP | Wu et al., 2016 |
| Ginsenoside Rg1 | The inhibition of neuroinflammation, The inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP&probenecid | Heng et al., 2016 |
| Green tea polyphenols | The inhibition of oxidative stress | C57BL/6J mice | MPTP | Chen et al., 2013 |
| Gui Ling Pa An Wan | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | SD rats | 6-OHDA | Meng et al., 2014a,b; Zhang H. Z. et al., 2016 |
| Icariin | The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP | Chen et al., 2017 |
| Isoliquiritigenin | The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | SN4741 cells | 6-OHDA | Hwang and Chun, 2012; Qin and Wu, 2016 |
| Kukoamine A | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuroinflammation; The reduction of toxic EAA; The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | SH-SY5Y cells/C57BL/6 mice | MPP+/MPTP | Hu et al., 2017 |
| Lycopene | The inhibition of oxidative stress | C57BL/6 mice | Rotenone | Liu et al., 2013 |
| Matrine | The inhibition of oxidative stress | C57BL mice | MPTP | Meng et al., 2017 |
| Paeoniflorin | The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP | Zheng et al., 2017 |
| Paeonolum | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | PC12 cells/zebrafish | MPP+ | Lu et al., 2015 |
| Parthenolide | The inhibition of neuroinflammation | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP | Zhang H. et al., 2015 |
| Petroleum Ether Extract of Ficus religiosa (L.) Leaves | The inhibition of oxidative stress | Wistar rats | 6-OHDA | Bhangale and Acharya, 2016 |
| pine bark extract | The inhibition of oxidative stress | C57BL/6 mice | Rotenone | Lu et al., 2014 |
| Piperine | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuroinflammation; The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP | Yang et al., 2015 |
| Polygona-Polysaccharose | The inhibition of neuroinflammation | SD rats | 6-OHDA | Chen et al., 2010 |
| Polyphenols from toona sinensis seeds | The inhibition of neuroinflammation | SD rats | 6-OHDA | Li X. J. et al., 2016 |
| Polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis | The inhibition of oxidative stress | C57BL/6J mice | MPTP | Zhang F. et al., 2015 |
| Powder of Gastrodia elata | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuroinflammation | Wistar rats | 6-OHDA | Chen et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2014 |
| Proantho cyanidins | The inhibition of oxidative stress | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP | Liang and Zhang, 2016 |
| Protocatechuic acid | The inhibition of oxidative stress | SD rats | 6-OHDA | Liu et al., 2013 |
| Protocatechuic acid and chrysin | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuroinflammation | PC12 cells/zebrafish/mice | 6-OHDA/6-OHDA/MPTP | Zhang Z. J. et al., 2015 |
| Puerarin | The reduction of toxic EAA; The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | C57BL/6 mice | MPTP | Zhu et al., 2012; Huang and Wang, 2015; Jiang et al., 2016 |
| Qianzheng San Extract | The regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction | Kunming mice/C57BL/6 mice | Arecoline Hydrobromide/Oxotremorine/MPTP | Li et al., 2015 |
| Salidroside | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis; The inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation | PC12 cells/C57BL/6 mice | MPP+/MPTP | Wang et al., 2015 |
| Salvianolic Acid B | The inhibition of oxidative stress; The inhibition of neuroinflammation | Mesencephalic cells/C57BL/6 mice | MPP+/LPS/MPTP | Zhou et al., 2014 |
| Schisantherin A | The inhibition of neuronal apoptosis | SH-SY5Y cells/C57BL/6 mice | MPP+/MPTP | Sa et al., 2015 |
| Tetrandrine(Tet) | The reduction of toxic EAA | SD rats | 6-OHDA | Jin and Bao, 2010 |
| Total flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis | The inhibition of oxidative stress | C57BL/6J mice | MPTP | Li X. L. et al., 2016 |
| Total Flavonoids of Clerodendranthus spicatus | The inhibition of oxidative stress | SH-SY5Y cells/Wistar rats | 6-OHDA/6-OHDA | You et al., 2015 |
| Trehalose | The inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation | SD Rats | AAV1/2 A53T α-synuclein | He et al., 2015 |
| Triptolide | The inhibition of neuroinflammation | SD rats | MPP+ | Hirsch et al., 2005; Gao et al., 2008 |
| Zhenganxifeng decoction | The inhibition of oxidative stress | Wistar rats | 6-OHDA | Li X. M. et al., 2016 |