Table 1.

Overview AMP contact-killing surfaces.

AMP	Coating type1	Surface2	Antimicrobial activity	References
Bacitracin	Surface tethering	Titanium	Reduction surface adhesion by S. aureus in vitro, and reduction implant and tissue colonization by S. aureus in a rat femur implant infection model	Nie et al., 2016, 2017
Chimeric peptidea	Binding domain	Titanium	Surface bactericidal activity against Streptococcus gordonii and S. sanguinise in vitro	Liu et al., 2016
Chimeric peptideb	Binding domain	Titanium	Reduction surface adhesion by Streptococcus mutans, S. epidermidis, and E. coli in vitro	Yucesoy et al., 2015; Yazici et al., 2016
E6	Polymer brushes	PU	Reduction catheter surface colonization by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in vitro and by P. aeruginosa in mouse urinary catheter infection model	Yu et al., 2017
GL13K	Surface tethering	Titanium	Surface bactericidal activity against S. gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro	Chen et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2015
GZ3.27c	Surface tethering	Titanium, glass, silicon	Surface bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli in vitro	De Zoysa and Sarojini, 2017
hLF1-11	Polymer brushes	Titanium	Surface bactericidal activity against S. sanguinis and Lactobacillus salivarius in vitro	Godoy-Gallardo et al., 2015
hLF1-11	Surface tethering	Titanium, chitosan	Reduction surface colonization by S. aureus (both surfaces) and S. sanguinis (chitosan) in vitro	Costa et al., 2014; Hoyos-Nogués et al., 2017
Inverso-CysHHC10	Hydrogel	PET	Surface bactericidal activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli in vitro	Cleophas et al., 2014
Magainin I	Self-assembling silk	PS	Reduction surface adhesion by S. aureus in vitro	Nilebäck et al., 2017
Melimine	Surface tethering	Titanium	Reduction surface adhesion by P. aeruginosa in vitro, and reduction implant and tissue colonization by S. aureus in mouse and rat subcutaneous implant infection	Chen et al., 2016
Melimine, Mel-4, LFcd, LL-37	Surface tethering	pHEMA	Surface bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa (LL-37, Mel-4, and Melimine) and S. aureus (Mel-4 and Melimine) in vitro	Dutta et al., 2016
SESB2V	Surface tethering	Titanium	Reduction tissue colonization by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in a rabbit keratitis model	Tan et al., 2014
Tet20	Polymer brushes	Titanium	Surface bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in vitro, reduction surface adhesion by S. aureus in rat subcutaneous implant infection	Gao et al., 2011a
Tet213	Polymer brushes	Titanium	Surface bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa in vitro	Gao et al., 2011b

¹Surface tethering by covalent immobilization of AMP to surface; Chimeric peptide consists of titanium-binding domain and antimicrobial motif.

²PET, polyethylene terephthalate; PU, polyurethane; pHEMA, poly-hydroxyethylmethacrylate; PS, polystyrene.

^aChimeric peptides consist of minTBP-1 and JPH8194 motifs.

^bChimeric peptides consist of TiBP(S)1–3 and E14LKK/H14LKK or KWKRWWWWR motifs.

^cGZ3.27 with an added N-terminal cysteine is designated GZ3.163.

^dLFc, lactoferricin.

^eFormally known as Streptococcus sanguis, as mentioned in the reference.