Table 2.
Distribution of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) categories across measures of cardiac structure and function.
| Normal (N=727, 42%) | High-normal (N=733, 43%) | Microalbuminuria (N=222, 13%) | Macroalbuminuria (N=37, 2%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| N or mean | % or SD | N or mean | % or SD | N or mean | % or SD | N or mean | % or SD | |
| Cardiac structure | ||||||||
| Left ventricular mass index (mean g/m2, SD) | 77.9 | 17.5 | 81.7 | 19.0 | 90.3 | 24.6 | 104.4 | 31.5 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy (N, %) | 56 | 8% | 97 | 13% | 62 | 28% | 13 | 35% |
| Systolic function | ||||||||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (mean %, SD) | 60.1% | 5.7% | 60.4% | 5.3% | 58.9% | 6.0% | 60.4% | 5.5% |
| Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <50%) (N, %) | 22 | 3% | 21 | 3% | 12 | 5% | 3 | 8% |
| Global longitudinal strain (mean %, SD) | −17.9% | 2.7% | −17.6% | 2.9% | −16.4% | 3.1% | −15.4% | 3.7% |
| Diastolic function | ||||||||
| Diastolic dysfunction* (N, %) | ||||||||
| Normal | 364 | 56% | 270 | 41% | 57 | 31% | 3 | 10% |
| Grade I | 63 | 10% | 99 | 15% | 40 | 22% | 12 | 41% |
| Grade II | 203 | 31% | 273 | 42% | 84 | 46% | 14 | 48% |
| Grade III | 20 | 3% | 14 | 2% | 3 | 2% | 0 | 0% |
| Grade I–III | 286 | 44% | 386 | 59% | 127 | 69% | 26 | 90% |
| Left atrial volume index (mean mL/m2, SD) | 22.6 | 6.5 | 23.5 | 7.5 | 24.4 | 9.0 | 25.9 | 7.5 |
| Early diastolic annular velocity (e’) (mean cm/sec, SD) | 8.56 | 1.99 | 7.97 | 2.06 | 7.42 | 1.99 | 6.66 | 1.82 |
| E/e’ ratio (mean, SD) | 9.43 | 2.61 | 10.19 | 3.04 | 10.95 | 3.55 | 12.80 | 4.57 |
SD = standard deviation.
Excluding current pregnancy, atrial fibrillation, more than mild valvular disease, left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, or left ventricular end-diastolic volume index >97 mL/m2.
For men, normal UACR range 1.36–<5.42, high normal range 5.42–<17, microalbuminuria range 17–<250, and macroalbuminuria range 250–≤3,429. For women, normal UACR range 2.33–<6.98, high normal range 6.98–<25, microalbuminuria range 25–<355, and macroalbuminuria range 355–≤11,470. Missing data: Left ventricular mass index and hypertrophy, N=41; left ventricular ejection fraction, N=89; global longitudinal strain and diastolic dysfunction, N=32; left atrial volume index, N=37; e’, N=10; E/e’ ratio, N=21.