. 2017 Sep 22;12(9):e0185323. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185323

Table 2. Summary of expression and function of selected miRNAs as markers of disease activity and hypothesized role in AxSpA.

miRNA	Diagnosis				Disease activity				Treatment response		Hypothesized role in AxSpA
miRNA	HC vs. AxSpA^T	HC vs. nr-AxSpA	HC vs. AS	nr-AxSpA vs. AS	nr-AxSpA	AS	sacroiliitis	AS II-V	NSAID vs. antiTNF	DMARDs. vs. antiTNF	Hypothesized role in AxSpA
miR-19a-3p	^*	-	^**	^*	-	-	-	-	-	^**	bone formation
miR-24-3p	^*	-	^**	^**	-	-	-	-	^***	^***	bone formation
miR-27a-3p	^**	-	^***	^**	-	-	-	-	^***	^**	bone formation
miR-29a-3p	^**	-	^***	^*	-	-	-	BASDAI, CRP	^*	^**	bone formation,
miR-99b-5p	^**	-	^***	^*	CRP	BASDAI	-	-	^***	^**	bone formation
miR-106a-5p	-	-	^**	^**	-	-	-	-	^***	^***	bone formation
miR-133a-3p	^*	-	^*	-	-	BASDAI	-	CRP	-	^*	differentiation?
miR-140-3p	-	-	^*	^**	CRP	-	-	-	^**	^**	inflammation
miR-145-5p	-	-	^*	-	CRP	-	-	-	^**	^*	bone formation
miR-146a-5p	^*	-	^**	^*	-	CRP	-	-	^*	^*	inflammation
miR-146b-5p	^*	-	^**	^**	-	-	-	-	^**	^***	migration, invasion
miR-151a-3p	-	-	^*	^*	-	CRP	-	CRP	-	-	migration
miR-181a-5p	-	-	-	-	-	CRP	-	-	-	-	?
miR-221-3p	-	-	^**	^*	-	CRP	-	-	-	^*	immunopathogenesis
miR-222-3p	^***	-	^***	^*	-	-	-	BASDAI	-	-	bone formation
miR-223-3p	^*	-	^**	^*	-	-	-	-	^**	^**	bone formation
miR-374a-5p	^**	-	^***	^*	CRP	-	-	-	^*	^*	bone formation
miR-375	^*	-	-	-	-	-	-	BASDAI	-	-	bone formation
miR-409-3p	^**	-	^***	-	-	-	-	CRP	-	-	proliferation, invasion
miR-625-3p	^***	^*	^***	-	-	BASDAI	-	BASDAI	-	-	?
miR-885-5p	-	-	-	-	-	BASDAI	-	BASDAI	-	-	?

Abbreviations: HC, healthy controls; nr-AxSpA, non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; AS II-V, ankylosing spondylitis with spinal involvement; DMARDs, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; T, T test; -, not significant;

*p<0.05,

**p<0.01,

***p<0.001.

Statistical significance was calculated using ANOVA unless stated otherwise.