Table 2. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for diabetic retinopathy when T2D patients were stratified by gender.

CHM user (Ref: non-CHM user)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p value
Overall	0.88 (0.70-1.10)	0.244
Gender
Male	0.85 (0.52-1.83)	0.511
Female	0.56 (0.36-0.86)	0.008

CHM, Chinese herbal medicine; Ref: Reference; T2D, type 2 diabetes; CI, confidence interval.

*Models adjusted for age, comorbidities, anti-hypertensives drug before T2D, and statin before T2D.

Cox's proportional hazards model and Fine & Grays’ model were applied in this analysis.

p value (p < 0.05) was highlighted in bold italic.