Table 1. General characteristics of all eligible studies.
| First author | Country | Ethnicity | Method | Sample | Cancer | Control | OS | DFS | Gene | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M % | Total | M % | Total | ||||||||
| Kawada 2000 [30] | Japan | Asians | MSP | Tissue | 2.2 | 91 | - | - | - | - | P14 |
| Esteller 2001 [31] | USA | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 13.1 | 38 | 0 | 38 | - | - | P14 |
| Battagli 2003 [26] | USA | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 18 | 50 | 0 | 27 | - | - | P14 |
| Battagli 2003 [26] | USA | Caucasians | MSP | Urine | 18 | 50 | 0 | 12 | - | - | P14 |
| Dulaimi 2004 [25] | USA | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 17 | 100 | 0 | 15 | NS | - | P14 |
| Hoque 2004 [21] | USA | Caucasians | QMSP | Urine | 30.8 | 26 | 0 | 91 | - | - | P14 |
| Hoque 2004 [21] | USA | Caucasians | QMSP | Serum | 5.55 | 18 | 3.33 | 30 | - | - | P14 |
| Hori 2007 [20] | Japan | Asians | MSP | Tissue | 70.5 | 44 | - | - | - | - | P14 |
| Hauser 2013 [18] | Germany | Caucasians | * | Serum | 14.3 | 35 | 0 | 54 | - | - | P14 |
| Kawada 2000 [30] | Japan | Asians | MSP | Tissue | 3.3 | 91 | - | - | - | - | P16 |
| Romanenko 2002 [29] | Spain | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 31.8 | 22 | - | - | - | - | P16 |
| Morris 2003 [27] | UK | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 0 | 17 | 0 | 14 | - | - | P16 |
| Sanz-Casla 2003 [28] | Spain | Caucasians | PCR | Tissue | 20 | 40 | - | - | - | - | P16 |
| Battagli 2003 [26] | USA | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 10 | 50 | 0 | 27 | - | - | P16 |
| Battagli 2003 [26] | USA | Caucasians | MSP | Urine | 8 | 50 | 0 | 12 | - | - | P16 |
| Dulaimi 2004 [25] | USA | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 10 | 100 | 0 | 15 | NS | - | P16 |
| Hoque 2004 [21] | USA | Caucasians | QMSP | Urine | 34.6 | 26 | 0 | 91 | - | - | P16 |
| Hoque 2004 [21] | USA | Caucasians | QMSP | Serum | 22.2 | 18 | 0 | 30 | - | - | P16 |
| Arai 2006 [24] | Japan | Asians | MSP | Tissue | 73.3 | 60 | 37 | 67 | - | - | P16 |
| Hori 2007 [20] | Japan | Asians | MSP | Tissue | 6.8 | 44 | - | - | - | - | P16 |
| Vidaurreta 2008 [23] | Spain | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 22.9 | 48 | 0 | 48 | NS | NS | P16 |
| Onay 2009 [19] | Turkey | Caucasians | MSP | Tissue | 57.1 | 21 | 52.4 | 21 | - | - | P16 |
| Martino 2012 [22] | Austria | Caucasians | qPCR | Serum | 46.5 | 157 | 44.2 | 43 | - | NS | P16 |
| Hauser 2013 [18] | Germany | Caucasians | * | Serum | 25.7 | 35 | 16.7 | 54 | - | - | P16 |
“*” Denotes detection method using methylation-sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction; “-” indicates data not available; MSP: methylation specific polymerase chain reaction; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; QMSP: quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction; M: methylation; OS: overall survival; DFS: disease-free survival; NS: not significant.