Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics

Patient characteristics	Surgical Era			p value
	Early (n = 309)	Middle (n = 316)	Current (n = 259)
Age (years; median, IQR)	59 (48–71)	57 (49–71)	59 (50–68)	0.90
Female	109 (35.3%)	95 (30.1%)	97 (37.5%)	0.15
Hypertension	250 (80.9%)	258 (81.7%)	203 (80.6%)	0.94
Diabetes	29 (3.4%)	46 (14.6%)	34 (13.6%)	0.12
ESRD	8 (9.0%)	5 (1.6%)	1 (0.4%)	<0.0001
Peripheral arterial disease	39 (12.6%)	47 (14.9%)	46 (18.9%)	0.13
Cerebrovascular disease	31 (10.0%)	33 (10.4%)	36 (15.1%)	0.13
Prior cerebrovascular accident	16 (5.3%)	15 (4.9%)	26 (10.9%)	0.01
Chronic lung disease, moderate/severe	23 (7.4%)	24 (7.6%)	11 (5.2%)	0.51
Coronary artery disease	30 (9.7%)	26 (8.2%)	24 (9.3%)	0.80
Prior myocardial infarction	7 (9.7%)	29 (9.2%)	20 (8.1%)	0.87
Heart failure within 2 weeks	25 (8.1%)	26 (8.2%)	26 (10.7%)	0.51
LVEF (%; median, IQR)	55 (45–60)	55 (50–60)	57 (53–60)	0.20
Aortic insufficiency, moderate/severe	56 (18.5%)	58 (20.7%)	85 (37.6%)	<0.0001
Mitral insufficiency, moderate/severe	11 (3.6%)	12 (4.6%)	4 (2.1%)	0.36
Prior cardiac surgery	37 (12.2%)	38 (12.1%)	22 (8.5%)	0.29
Transfer patient	†	44 (60.3%)	139 (53.7%)	0.32

^†Not captured in STS database during this era

CABG = Coronary artery bypass graft; ESRD = End Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis