Table 3. Recently defined FMRP direct protein-binding partners.

The table lists recently validated direct protein partners bound by FMRP (column 1), mechanisms involved in FMRP-binding functions (column 2), and the FXS model system of the work (column 3). Primary reference(s) discussed in text are listed in the rightmost column (column 4).

Protein Partner	FMRP-binding Function	FXS Model	References
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)	RNA editing; binds double stranded RNA to convert adenosine to inosine by deamination	Drosophila, Zebrafish, Mouse	[6]
RNA-binding protein 14 (RBM14)	Alternative splicing; binds pre-mRNA for splicing, results in differential mRNA expression	Mouse	[8]
L5 protein of 80s ribosome	FMRP blocks tRNAs and elongation factors from binding 80s ribosome, suppressing translation	Drosophila	[36]
Telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2-S)	FMRP antagonizes TRF2-S target mRNA binding to limit axonal mRNA localization and function	Mouse	[37]
Staufen, Pumilio, Lark and other translational regulators	Translation regulation via RNA-binding in direct or indirect partnership with FMRP function	Human, Mouse, & Drosophila	[40–43]
Ataxin-2 mRNA-binding translational regulator	RNA-binding: microRNA pathway-induced RNA silencing for regulating & dampening LTH	Drosophila	[10,42]
Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1)	Actin cytoskeleton and mTor signaling; binds UG/GU RNA with TDR-43 and Staufen	Human, Mouse, & Drosophila	[32,45–47]
Janus kinase and microtubule interacting protein 1 (JAKMIP1)	Microtubule regulation and GABAB receptor expression regulation in inhibitory neurons	Human	[32]
TAR DNA-binding protein of 43kDa (TDP-43)	Complex with FMRP, Staufen and CYFIP1 binds mRNA to suppress hippocampal spinogenesis	Mouse and human	[34,40]
Slack and Slowpoke (Slo) BK K+ channels	FMRP regulates gating to shape AP kinetics, modulate Ca2+ influx and neurotransmitter release	Mouse and Xenopus	[16,17,20]