Table 1.

ATP release from cultured cells in response to mechanical stimulation

Cell type	Stimulus	References
Vascular endothelial cells	Shear stress	Bodin et al. 1991
		Li et al. 2015
		Milner et al. 1990, 1992
		Xiang et al. 2007
		Yamamoto et al. 2011
	Hypotonic stress	Hisadome et al. 2002
		Oike et al. 2000
		Shinozuka et al. 2001
	Mechanical stretch	Hamada et al. 1998
Airways
Lung epithelial cells	Stretch	Ramsingh et al. 2011
		Zhang et al. 2014
	Mechanical stress	Guyot and Hanrahan 2002
		Homolya et al. 2000
	Hypotonic stress	Okada et al. 2006
		Ransford et al. 2009
		Seminario-Vidal et al. 2011
Nasal epithelial cells	Mechanical stimulation	Watt et al. 1998
Tracheal epithelial cells	Hypotonic stress	Kawakami et al. 2004
Eye
Retinal ganglion cells	Swelling	Xia et al. 2012
	Mechanical stretch	Xia et al. 2012
Retinal pigment cells	Hypertonic stress	Eldred et al. 2003
	Hypotonic stress	Mitchell 2001
		Reigada and Mitchell 2005
Retinal glial (Müller) cells	Hypo-osmotic swelling	Brückner et al. 2012
		Voigt et al. 2015
Lens	Hypertonic stress	Eldred et al. 2003
Ciliary epithelial cells	Hypotonic stress	Li et al. 2010
		Mitchell et al. 1998
Trabecular meshwork cells	Mechanical stress	Luna et al. 2009
	Swelling	Li et al. 2011, 2012
Corneal endothelial cells	Mechanical stimulation	Gomes et al. 2005
Liver
Hepatocytes	Hypotonic cell swelling	Pafundo et al. 2008
Biliary epithelium (cholangiocytes)	Hypotonic cell swelling	Roman et al. 1999
		Sathe et al. 2011
	Shear stress	Woo et al. 2008, 2010
Glial cells
Astrocytes	Hypotonic cell swelling	Beckel et al. 2014
		Darby et al. 2003
		Liu et al. 2008
	Mechanical stimulation	Beckel et al. 2014
		Lee et al. 2015
		Stout et al. 2002
		Zhang et al. 2008
Astrocytoma cells	Hypotonic stress	Blum et al. 2010
		Joseph et al. 2003
Microglia	Mechanical stimulation	Bennett et al. 2008
Bladder urothelial cells	Stretch	Mansfield and Hughes 2014
		Sun and Chai 2002
		Sun et al. 2001
	Mechanical stress	McLatchie and Fry 2015
	Hypotonic stimulation	Birder et al. 2003
Muscle
Vascular smooth muscle	Mechanical stretch	Hamada et al. 1998
Bronchial smooth muscle	Mechanical stretch	Takahara et al. 2014
Cardiomyoctes	Mechanical stretch	Kim and Woo 2015
		Oishi et al. 2012
	Swelling	Dutta et al. 2004, 2008
Fibroblasts
L929 fibroblasts	Shear stress	Grierson and Meldolesi 1995
Subepithelial fibroblasts	Mechanical stimulation	Furuya et al. 2005, 2014
		Murata et al. 2014
NIH/3T3 fibroblasts	Hypotonic shock	Boudreault and Grygorczyk 2002, 2004
Cardiac fibroblasts	Hypotonic stimulation	Lu et al. 2012
Bone
Bone marrow stromal cells	Fluid flow (shear stress)	Riddle et al. 2007
Periodontal ligament	Mechanical stress	Ito et al. 2014
		Luckprom et al. 2010, 2011
		Wongkhantee et al. 2008
Osteoblastic cells	Mechanical stress	Hecht et al. 2013
		Romanello et al. 2001, 2005
	Shear stress/fluid flow	Gardinier et al. 2014
		Genetos et al. 2005
		Rumney et al. 2012
		Xing et al. 2014
Intervertebral disc annulus cells	Vibratory stimulation	Yamazaki et al. 2003
Chondrocytes	Hypotonic challenge	Rosenthal et al. 2013
	Mechanical stress	Graff et al. 2000
		Kono et al. 2006
		Millward-Sadler et al. 2004
MLO-Y4 osteocytes	Mechanical loading by fluid flow	Genetos et al. 2007
	Focal-force stimulation	Wu et al. 2013
	Mechanical stimulation	Kringelbach et al. 2015
	Membrane stretch	Thompson et al. 2011
Immune cells
Jurkat T lymphocytes	Hypertonic stress	Loomis et al. 2003
		Woehrle et al. 2010
		Yip et al. 2007
	Mechanical stress	Loomis et al. 2003
	Shockwaves	Weihs et al. 2014
		Yu et al. 2010
	Osmotic stress	Corriden et al. 2007
B lymphoblasts	Slow motion	Sakowicz-Burkiewicz et al. 2010
Neutrophils	Hypertonic stress	Chen et al. 2004, 2015
Mast cells	Hypo-osmotic stress	Wang et al. 2013
Macrophages	Hypotonic stress	Burow et al. 2015
Tumour cells
Prostate cancer cells	Hypotonic stress	Nandigama et al. 2006
	Mechanical stress	Sauer et al. 2000
Hepatoma cells	Hypotonic stress	Dolovcak et al. 2011
		Espelt et al. 2013
		Feranchak et al. 2010
		Wang et al. 1996
Cholangiocarcinoma	Hypotonic cell swelling	Gatof et al. 2004
		Roman et al. 1999
Lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cells	Hypotonic shock	Seminario-Vidal et al. 2011 Tatur et al. 2008
	Shear stress	Ramsingh et al. 2011
	Stretch	Grygorczyk et al. 2013
Mammary carcinoma (C127) cells	Hypotonic challenge	Hazama et al. 2000 Sabirov et al. 2001
Ehrlich ascites tumour cells	Mechanical stress	Pedersen et al. 1999
Ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3) cells	Mechanical stimulation	Vázquez-Cuevas et al. 2014
L929 fibrosarcoma cells	Hypotonic challenge	Islam et al. 2012
Skin
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells	Shock wave treatment	Weihs et al. 2014
Keratinocyte cell lines	Air stimulated	Denda and Denda 2007 Barr et al. 2013
	Mechanical stimulation	Burrell et al. 2005
		Koizumi et al. 2004
Pancreas
Acinar cells	Mechanical stimulation	Haanes et al. 2014
Duct cells	Mechanical & hypotonic stress	Kowal et al. 2015
Xenopus oocytes	Hypertonic stress	Aleu et al. 2003
Stem cells
Mesenchymal stem cells	Shock waves	Sun et al. 2013
		Weihs et al. 2014
Gut
Epithelial cell lines	Hypotonic challenge	Dezaki et al. 2000
		van der Wijk et al. 2003
	Osmotic cell swelling	Tomassen et al. 2004
Salivary glands
Submandibular gland	Mechanical stimulation	Ryu et al. 2010
Kidney
Collecting duct epithelial cells	Mechanical stimulation	Hovater et al. 2008
A6 distal nephron epithelial cells	Mechanical stretch	Ma et al. 2002
	Hypotonic treatment	Gheorghiu and Van Driessche 2004
		Jans et al. 2002
		Silva and Garvin 2008
MDCK cells	Pressure pulses	Praetorius et al. 2005
	Shear stress	Rodat-Despoix et al. 2013
Epithelia from cysts of polycystic kidneys	Hypotonic challenge	Wilson et al. 1999
Blood cells
Erythrocytes	Hypotonic stretch	Locovei et al. 2006
Platelets	Shear stress	Mills et al. 1968
Leukocytes	Osmotic stress	Corriden et al. 2007