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. 2017 Sep 22;7:12196. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12404-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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BBB permeability assessment. The permeability was estimated by the atenolol cerebral concentration and the ratio between atenolol in the brain and plasma (partition coefficient or Kp) at 3 days and 28 days after the end of the inhalation exposure in young adults (A and B) and aging groups (C and D). Each data point represents one animal with median of n = 7 to 9 rats. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 compared to corresponding control.