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. 2017 Sep 22;7:12151. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12472-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pilin variation in antigenic variation deficient strains. Cells were picked from (a) inoculation zone, and (b) outgrowth, respectively. After dilution and growth on agar plates, individual colonies were picked and pilE was sequenced. Sequences were categorised and the fraction shown is the number of sequences per category normalised by the total number of sequences found for each strain. Full length: most abundant sequence in inoculum; full length, av: sequence change mappable to pilS sequence; truncated, pv: length change in poly-C sequence causing premature stop-codon; no PCR: PCR amplification did not result in a product. Grey: red wt (Ng106) and green wt (Ng165), green: green recA (Ng167) and red recA (Ng168), red: green ∆G4 (Ng169) and red ΔG4 (Ng170). Mean and standard error of three independent experiments.