Table 3.
Measures of Symptoms and Quality of Life at Baseline and 12 Weeks
| Pranayama (n = 21) | Control (n = 22) | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Baseline | 12 Weeks | Baseline | 12 Weeks | Group | Time | Group × time |
| mMRC score (0–4, MID = 1)a | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 1.0b | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.9b | 0.68 | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| BDI (baseline), TDI (12 weeks) | 5.71 ± 2.22 | 0.89 ± 1.88 | 5.55 ± 1.87 | −0.05 ± 2.19 | 0.78, 0.16 | ||
| CAT (0–40, MID = 2)a | 19.1 ± 6.5 | 17.7 ± 6.1 | 21.0 ± 7.0 | 17.5 ± 7.8b | 0.59 | 0.002 | 0.31 |
| BODE index (0–10, MID = 1)a | 5.24 ± 1.81 | 4.06 ± 1.86b | 5.73 ± 1.75 | 5.00 ± 2.37b | 0.24 | <0.001 | 0.42 |
| SGRQ-C (0–100, MID = 4)a | 48.6 ± 12.7 | 42.2 ± 11.6b | 52.1 ± 20.2 | 49.8 ± 21.6 | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.39 |
| SGRQ-C symptom score | 62.6 ± 18.9 | 61.2 ± 20.0 | 60.4 ± 17.72 | 56.0 ± 21.3 | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.33 |
| SGRQ-C activity score | 70.2 ± 14.2 | 63.4 ± 18.7 | 73.2 ± 23.12 | 71.3 ± 26.6 | 0.45 | 0.12 | 0.46 |
| SGRQ-C impact score | 31.0 ± 16.7 | 23.1 ± 9.9b | 36.7 ± 21.4 | 34.8 ± 21.5 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.16 |
Values represent means ± SD unless otherwise specified. p-Values for group, time, or group × time interaction are from the repeated-measures model, except for BDI and TDI, where p-values are from the t test comparing groups within time points.
a
Range of scores (lower is better), with MID indicated.
b
p < 0.05 baseline versus 12 weeks within treatment group based on simple effects.
MID, minimal important difference; TDI, transitional dyspnea index.