Table 6.

Changes (Δ) in Symptoms, Lung Function, and Exhaled Breath Oxidative Stress Pre- Versus Post-6-Min Walk Test, at Baseline and 12 Weeks

	Pranayama (n = 21)		Control (n = 22)		p
Characteristic	Baseline	12 Weeks	Baseline	12 Weeks	Group	Time	Group × time
Δ Borg	3.05 ± 2.01 (n = 21)	2.18 ± 1.67 (n = 17)	2.64 ± 1.84 (n = 22)	2.50 ± 2.02 (n = 22)	0.91	0.18	0.32
ΔIC (L)	−0.14 ± 0.25 (n = 20)	−0.12 ± 0.35 (n = 17)	−0.03 ± 0.26 (n = 22)	−0.10 ± 0.34 (n = 21)	0.51	0.60	0.42
ΔR5 (cm H2O.s/L)	0.13 ± 0.81 (n = 19)	0.06 ± 1.21 (n = 17)	0 ± 1.33 (n = 22)	0.25 ± 2.36 (n = 20)	0.93	0.79	0.59
ΔR20 (cm H2O.s/L)	0.02 ± 0.75 (n = 19)	0.14 ± 0.48 (n = 17)	0.09 ± 0.51 (n = 22)	0.01 ± 0.84 (n = 20)	0.88	0.93	0.41
ΔX5 (cm H2O.s/L)	0.20 ± 1.81 (n = 19)	−0.33 ± 0.84 (n = 17)	−0.50 ± 0.88 (n = 22)	−0.47 ± 1.66 (n = 20)	0.22	0.39	0.33
ΔFres (Hz)	2.22 ± 3.95 (n = 18)	1.46 ± 2.75 (n = 17)	1.75 ± 3.16 (n = 21)	1.30 ± 3.03 (n = 20)	0.68	0.41	0.85
ΔAX (cm H2O/L)	2.78 ± 5.89 (n = 18)	1.89 ± 7.77 (n = 17)	2.24 ± 8.36 (n = 20)	−1.54 ± 10.61 (n = 20)	0.25	0.28	0.53
Δ8-isoprostane (pg/mL)	0.05 ± 0.07 (n = 9)	−0.01 ± 0.04a (n = 11)	0 ± 0.06 (n = 12)	0.01 ± 0.03 (n = 14)	0.29	0.14	0.05
ΔH2O2 (μmol/L)	−0.005 ± 0.006 (n = 12)	−0.006 ± 0.007 (n = 13)	−0.007 ± 0.008 (n = 12)	−0.003 ± 0.013 (n = 14)	0.77	0.21	0.29

Mean ± SD. p-Values for group, time, or group × time interaction are from the repeated-measures model.

^ap < 0.05 baseline versus 12 weeks within treatment group based on simple effects.