Table 3.
Sources focusing on childhood exposure to emotional neglect
| Author, Country | Design (cross-sectional, longitudinal) | Sample Type (college, community, primary care, tertiary psychiatric care) | Sample Size (n) | Sample Characteristics • % Women • % Ethnic-minority • % Immigrant |
Age Range (years) | Strength of Correlation for EN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eating Disorders | ||||||
| Utzinger et al. [33], USA* | cross-sectional | tertiary psychiatric care, college, community | n = 133 | • 100% • 3% • Unclear |
18 to 55 | 0.76–0.85a** |
| Bardone-Cone et al. [49], USA* | cross-sectional | Community, tertiary psychiatric care | n = 138 | • 100% • 13% • Unclear |
18 to 55 | 0.11–0.25a** |
| Grilo and Masheb [37], USA* | cross-sectional | primary care, tertiary psychiatric care | n = 1, 241 | • 97.9% • 19.8% • Unclear |
18 to 65 | 0.26–0.50c** |
| Schoemaker et al. [34], Netherlands | cross-sectional | community | n = 1926 | • 100% • Unclear • Unclear |
18 to 45 | 0.26–0.50a** |
| Eating-Disordered Behavior | ||||||
| Michopoulos et al. [17], USA | cross-sectional | primary care | n = 1, 110 | • 80.4% • 97.4% • Unclear |
18 to 65 | 0.11–0.25c** |
| Moulton et al. [14] Scotland | cross-sectional | college | n = 142 | • 100% • Unclear • Unclear |
18 to 46 | 0.26–0.50a** |
| Brooke and Mussap [41], | cross-sectional | college | n = 299 | • 52% • Unclear • Unclear |
18 to 40 | 0.01–0.10b**
0.11–0.25c** 0.26–0.50a** |
| Becker and Grilo [36], USA* | cross-sectional | tertiary psychiatric care | n = 137 | • 100% • 15% • Unclear |
20 to 59 | 0.01–0.10ad |
| Fosse and Holen [45], Norway | cross-sectional | tertiary psychiatric care | n = 107 | • 100% • Unclear • Unclear |
18 to 55 | 0.11–0.25ad |
| Eating Disorders and Eating-Disordered Behavior | ||||||
| Grilo and Masheb [38], USA* | cross-sectional | primary care, tertiary psychiatric care | n = 1, 270 | • 97.3% • 19.8% • Unclear |
18 to 65 | 0.01–0.10cd
0.11–0.25cd |
* Country of data collection not articulated. Assumption of country location was made given language used to describe participants (e.g. African American) or based upon identification of the location of the study’s Institutional Review Board
** Authors reported at least one bivariate correlation estimate to be significant at p < .05
a Estimate falls within this range among women
b Estimate falls within this range among men
c Estimate falls within this range among men and women
d Estimate reported was non-significant