Table 2.
Risk factors for overall 90-day mortality in allo-HSCT recipients with S. maltophilia bacteremia
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probability of survival | p-value | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | p-value | ||
| Age (years) | ≥60 | 0.63 (0.45–0.77) | 0.13 | |||
| <60 | 0.42 (0.15–0.67) | |||||
| Sex | Male | 0.60 (0.41–0.75) | 0.67 | |||
| Female | 0.53 (0.28–0.73) | |||||
| CRP (mg/dl) | ≥10 | 0.29 (0.09–0.52) | <0.01 | 3.28 | 1.00–10.72 | 0.05 |
| <10 | 0.70 (0.51–0.82) | |||||
| Albumin (g/dl) | <3.0 | 0.13 (0.02–0.33) | <0.01 | 10.86 | 3.27–36.12 | <0.01 |
| ≥3.0 | 0.79 (0.59–0.90) | |||||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | ≥1.0 | 0.25 (0.06–0.51) | <0.01 | |||
| <1.0 | 0.69 (0.51–0.81) | |||||
| Neutropenia (≤500 /μl) | Yes | 0.55 (0.36–0.70) | 0.52 | |||
| No | 0.63 (0.35–0.81) | |||||
| Profound neutropenia (≤100 /μl) | Yes | 0.48 (0.26–0.67) | 0.1 | |||
| No | 0.65 (0.44–0.80) | |||||
| Prolonged neutropenia (≥7 days) | Yes | 0.79 (0.47–0.93) | 0.08 | |||
| No | 0.49 (0.31–0.64) | |||||
| Onset of bacteremia | During conditioning | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.73 | |||
| Before engraftment | 0.60 (0.32–0.80) | |||||
| After engraftment | 0.55 (0.36–0.70) | |||||
| Existence of acute GVHD | Yes | 0.47 (0.21–0.69) | 0.44 | |||
| No | 0.63 (0.44–0.77) | |||||
| Diarrhea | Yes | 0.62 (0.40–0.77) | 0.64 | |||
| No | 0.52 (0.30–0.71) | |||||
| Mucositis | Yes | 0.60 (0.36–0.78) | 0.89 | |||
| No | 0.56 (0.35–0.72) | |||||
| Primary disease risk | High | 0.40 (0.21–0.58) | <0.01 | |||
| Standard | 0.77 (0.54–0.89) | |||||
| Polymicrobial bacteremia | Yes | 0.58 (0.33–0.76) | 0.88 | |||
| No | 0.57 (0.37–0.73) | |||||
| Severe sepsis or septic shock | Yes | 0.30 (0.12–0.50) | <0.01 | |||
| No | 0.78 (0.57–0.89) | |||||
| Initial source of infection | Sources unknown | 0.58 (0.37–0.74) | <0.01 | |||
| Cellulitis | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | |||||
| CLABSI | 0.69 (0.37–0.87) | |||||
| Pneumonia | 0.00 (NA) | |||||
| Time to appropriate therapy (days) | ≥4 | 0.76 (0.54–0.88) | 0.05 | |||
| ≤3 | 0.47 (0.23–0.68) | |||||
| Removal of CVC | Yes | 0.92 (0.57–0.99) | <0.01 | |||
| No | 0.44 (0.27–0.60) | |||||
| Past history of carbapenem | Yes | 0.46 (0.26–0.64) | 0.05 | |||
| No | 0.70 (0.47–0.84) | |||||
| Source of transplantation | BM | 0.62 (0.43–0.76) | 0.17 | |||
| PB | 0.57 (0.17–0.84) | |||||
| CB | 0.33 (0.05–0.68) | |||||
| Donor type | Related | 0.80 (0.41–0.95) | 0.1 | |||
| Unrelated | 0.51 (0.34–0.66) | |||||
| HLA-matching | Match | 0.64 (0.40–0.79) | 0.38 | |||
| Mismatch | 0.52 (0.31–0.69) | |||||
| Conditioning | Myeloablative | 0.73 (0.54–0.85) | <0.01 | |||
| Reduced-intensity | 0.21 (0.05–0.45) | |||||
| Study period | 2005–2009 | 0.57 (0.28–0.78) | 0.95 | |||
| 2010–2014 | 0.58 (0.39–0.72) | |||||
Abbreviations: Allo-HSCT allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, S. maltophilia Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, CI confedence interval, CRP c-reactive protein, GVHD graft-versus-host disease, CLABSI central-line associated blood stream infection, CVC central venous catheter, NA not available, BM bone marrow, PB peripheral blood, CB cord blood, HLA human leukocyte antigen