TABLE 1.
Characteristics by tertile categories of phylloquinone intake in 766 adolescents aged 14–18 y1
| Phylloquinone intake2 |
||||
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-trend3 | |
| Age, y | 16.1 ± 1.2 | 16.1 ± 1.2 | 16.2 ± 1.3 | 0.28 |
| Females,4 % | 57 | 50 | 44 | 0.016 |
| Blacks,4 % | 55 | 44 | 49 | 0.07 |
| Tanner stage (I–V) | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 0.16 |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 112 ± 10 | 111 ± 11 | 111 ± 10 | 0.60 |
| Diastolic | 60 ± 7 | 60 ± 6 | 60 ± 6 | 0.53 |
| BMI percentile | 62.8 ± 28.9 | 60.0 ± 28.6 | 58.2 ± 27.9 | 0.10 |
| Fat-free soft tissue mass, kg | 45.7 ± 9.7b | 45.9 ± 9.7 | 47.6 ± 9.9a | 0.020 |
| Fat mass, kg | 17.7 ± 10.9a | 16.3 ± 10.5 | 15.0 ± 9.5b | 0.003 |
| Socioeconomic status | 32.8 ± 8.4 | 33.9 ± 9.0 | 34.4 ± 9.8 | 0.12 |
| Moderate and vigorous physical activity, min/d | 43.2 ± 29.8 | 42.5 ± 26.3 | 46.4 ± 30.7 | 0.25 |
| Dietary intake | ||||
| Energy, kcal/d | 1630 ± 463c | 2010 ± 473b | 2230 ± 617a | <0.001 |
| Protein, % of energy | 14 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 | 0.49 |
| Carbohydrate, % of energy | 54 ± 7 | 53 ± 6 | 53 ± 6 | 0.70 |
| Fat, % of energy | 32 ± 6 | 33 ± 5 | 33 ± 4 | 0.50 |
| Fiber, g/d | 9.8 ± 3.0c | 10.8 ± 3.4b | 12.1 ± 5.1a | <0.001 |
| Calcium, mg/d | 739 ± 346 | 748 ± 310 | 747 ± 353 | 0.80 |
| Vitamin C, mg/d | 67.6 ± 38.6 | 68.4 ± 37.8 | 69.8 ± 24.4 | 0.54 |
| Vitamin D, μg/d | 4.0 ± 2.7 | 3.8 ± 2.6 | 4.0 ± 2.9 | 0.67 |
| Sodium, mg/d | 3210 ± 890 | 3320 ± 890 | 3310 ± 1020 | 0.07 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy,4 % | 17 | 8 | 5 | <0.001 |
1
Values are means ± SDs unless othewise indicated. Values in a row without a common superscript letter differ, P < 0.05.
2
Median (range) intakes of phylloquinone: tertile 1 = 32 μg/d (8–42 μg/d), n = 255; tertile 2 = 54 μg/d (43–65 μg/d), n = 255; and tertile 3 = 90 μg/d (66–386 μg/d), n = 256.
3
P-trend based on ANOVA with polynomial contrast.
4
Based on Mantel-Haenszel linear-by-linear association χ2 test.