TABLE 2.

Relations of dietary factor scores with characteristics of 224 ELEMENT adolescents¹

		Prudent dietary pattern		Transitioning dietary pattern
	n	Factor 1 score	P	Factor 2 score	P
Maternal characteristics at the time of enrollment
Age at enrollment, y			0.61		0.31
15–24	93	−0.02 ± 0.87		0.09 ± 1.01
25–34	102	−0.02 ± 1.08		−0.07 ± 1.06
35–44	29	0.12 ± 1.11		−0.06 ± 0.72
Marital status			0.01		0.12
Married	163	−0.10 ± 0.93		0.06 ± 1.03
Single	61	0.27 ± 1.13		−0.17 ± 0.90
Maternal education, y			0.38		0.07
<10	79	−0.13 ± 0.91		−0.19 ± 0.80
10–12	113	0.11 ± 1.06		0.11 ± 1.13
≥13	32	−0.06 ± 0.96		0.11 ± 0.92
Parity			0.87		0.65
0	82	0.01 ± 1.08		−0.01 ± 0.92
1–2	126	−0.01 ± 0.01		0.04 ± 1.06
≥3	16	−0.02 ± 0.02		−0.30 ± 0.93
Smoking during pregnancy			0.007		0.72
Yes	5	−1.19 ± 0.51		−0.16 ± 1.11
No	219	0.03 ± 0.99		0.00 ± 0.99
Delivery method			0.95		0.86
Cesarean	93	−0.01 ± 1.11		−0.01 ± 0.93
Vaginal	130	−0.01 ± 0.90		0.02 ± 1.05
Child characteristics at the peripubertal visit
Sex			0.07		0.03
Male	107	−0.13 ± 0.90		0.16 ± 1.05
Female	117	0.12 ± 1.07		−0.14 ± 0.93
Child’s age, y			0.36		0.93
<10	107	0.01 ± 0.90		0.00 ± 1.06
10–12	66	0.13 ± 1.08		−0.03 ± 0.79
>12	51	−0.19 ± 1.07		0.03 ± 1.12
Weight status (BMI), kg/m2			0.87		0.44
Underweight, <18.5	16	0.07 ± 0.73		−0.36 ± 0.76
Normal weight, 18.5–24.9	91	−0.04 ± 0.98		0.00 ± 1.11
Overweight, 25–29.9	75	0.02 ± 1.15		0.09 ± 0.92
Obese, ≥30	42	0.02 ± 0.88		−0.03 ± 0.95
Physical activity, h/wk			0.86		0.02
Q1 (median: 16)	33	−0.05 ± 0.78		−0.17 ± 0.80
Q2 (median: 18)	60	0.14 ± 1.01		−0.17 ± 0.88
Q3 (median: 19)	60	−0.26 ± 0.79		−0.02 ± 1.00
Q4 (median: 22)	71	0.12 ± 1.19		0.24 ± 1.14
Male puberty indicators2
Pubic hair			0.82		0.20
Prepubertal	82	−0.12 ± 0.87		0.23 ± 1.09
Pubertal	22	−0.17 ± 1.06		−0.09 ± 0.90
Testicles			0.81		0.39
Prepubertal	50	−0.12 ± 0.77		0.25 ± 1.24
Pubertal	53	−0.16 ± 1.03		0.07 ± 0.87
Female puberty indicators2
Pubic hair			0.38		0.58
Prepubertal	84	0.17 ± 0.96		−0.17 ± 0.82
Pubertal	33	−0.02 ± 1.32		0.07 ± 1.20
Breast			0.43		0.32
Prepubertal	75	0.18 ± 0.77		−0.21 ± 1.24
Pubertal	42	0.01 ± 1.03		−0.03 ± 0.87

¹Values are means ± SDs unless otherwise indicated. P values represent a test for linear trend where an ordinal indicator is entered into the model as a continuous variable, with the exception of binary variables (Wald test). ELEMENT, Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants; Q, quartile.

²Puberty was defined as Tanner stage 2–5 (vs. 1) for breast (girls), testicular (boys), and pubic hair (both) development.