Table 3. Prevalence and Likelihood of Occurrence of Conversation and Driving Instruction During Normal Driving Segments and Elevated G-Force Events.
| Topic | Baseline N = 90 participants# 18,346 observations | Events N = 79# 500 observations | Odds Ratio (Event versus Baseline) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| N* | Percentage (St.Dev.) ^ | N* | Percentage (St.Dev.) ^ | Odds Ratio+ | 95% Confidence Interval | ||||
| Any Conversation Present | 14,695 | 81.1 | (12.2) | 436 | 88.8 | (20.5) | 1.63 | 1.23 | 2.15 |
| Functional Driving Instruction* | 7,268 | 42.1 | (16.7) | 331 | 77.1 | (25.1) | 3.35 | 2.73 | 4.10 |
| Navigation | 2,170 | 13.0 | (11.7) | 70 | 14.8 | (23.4) | 1.19 | 0.91 | 1.55 |
| Give Warning/Detect Hazard | 1,363 | 7.5 | (4.6) | 93 | 25.1 | (31.7) | 3.16 | 2.47 | 4.05 |
| Vehicle Handling or Operation | 3,720 | 22.5 | (16.6) | 225 | 55.2 | (32.3) | 3.70 | 3.03 | 4.50 |
| Remarking on Driving Behavior | 1,879 | 10.7 | (7.8) | 156 | 39.3 | (35.1) | 4.56 | 3.69 | 5.62 |
| Question About Driving Task | 82 | 0.6 | (2.1) | 15 | 4.7 | (14.9) | 7.16 | 4.01 | 12.76 |
| Rules of the Road | 950 | 5.3 | (3.4) | 44 | 12.2 | (22.8) | 1.92 | 1.38 | 2.68 |
| Higher Order Driving Instruction* | 2,221 | 13.0 | (11.7) | 124 | 44.2 | (27.8) | 3.16 | 2.51 | 3.98 |
| Navigation | 226 | 1.2 | (1.0) | 8 | 2.3 | (8.0) | 1.46 | 0.70 | 3.05 |
| Give Warning/Detect Hazard | 395 | 2.1 | (1.6) | 42 | 16.6 | (27.7) | 6.27 | 4.16 | 9.45 |
| Vehicle Handling or Operation | 589 | 3.3 | (2.6) | 59 | 24.6 | (29.1) | 5.40 | 3.76 | 7.78 |
| Remarking on Driving Behavior | 680 | 3.8 | (2.6) | 50 | 19.8 | (26.5) | 4.98 | 3.63 | 6.82 |
| Question About Driving Task | 24 | 0.1 | (0.3) | 3 | 2.8 | (15.0) | 3.93 | 2.82 | 5.46 |
| Rules of the Road | 271 | 1.5 | (1.2) | 32 | 12.9 | (24.9) | 5.71 | 1.64 | 19.93 |
*
Total number of video segments where instruction was observed. The sum of subcategories exceeds the total N as multiple topics/forms of instruction occur in each segment
^
Estimated using unique instances of conversation or instruction. May exceed 100% as multiple topics/forms of instruction occur in each video segment, SD = Standard Deviation
+
Significant values in bold
#
Data were available from N=90 participants for the first ten hours of practice driving and N=79 participants for the final ten hours of practice driving. Data from the random selection of highly elevated g-force events were from 79 participants