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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 16.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Virol. 2017 Aug 16;25:81–89. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.021

Figure 3. Coopted EVEs affect host gene expression by diverse mechanisms.

Figure 3

(A) EVE sequences may function as cis-regulatory DNA elements such as enhancers or promoters. (B) EVE-derived lncRNAs can also affect gene expression by acting as co-transcriptional regulators (C) or miRNA sponges (D). EVE-encoded proteins may also regulate gene expression. For instance, Rec and Gag proteins may bind to and modulate host mRNA stability, localization, or translation.