. 2017 Summer;16(3):1089–1103.

Table 7.

Ex-vivo and Cu⁺⁺-catalyzed in-vitro oxidation of LDL, from plasma of cigarette smoke-exposed rats after 4 weeks of FVBM extract, F18 bioactive compound and atorvastatin treatment

Group	LDL oxidation ⁺
	Conjugated diene formation ^*		MDA content ^#
	Basal	Maximal	Lag Phase ^**	Basal	Maximal ^¥
N-C	178.49	945.86 (+430%)	88	5.43±0.212	15.26
S-C	264.36 (+48.3%)^†	1348.56 (+42.6%)^€	68 (-22.7%)^¶	8.64±0.364^a (+53.2%)^†	23.65 (+54.9%)^€
	264.36 (+48.3%)^†	1348.56 (+42.6%)^€	68 (-22.7%)^¶	8.64±0.364^a (+53.2%)^†	23.65 (+54.9%)^€
FVT-1	234.72 (-11.4%)^††	1264.35 (-6.2%)^α	75 (+10.3%)^§	7.43±0.202^b (-14.0%)^††	20.26 (-14.3%) ^#
	234.72 (-11.4%)^††	1264.35 (-6.2%)^α	75 (+10.3%)^§	7.43±0.202^b (-14.0%)^††	20.26 (-14.3%) ^#
FVT-2	192.41 (-27.3%)^††	1048.95 (-22.2%)^α	85 (+25.0%)^§	6.24±0.244^a (-27.8%)^††	18.45 (-21.9%) ^#
	192.41 (-27.3%)^††	1048.95 (-22.2%)^α	85 (+25.0%)^§	6.24±0.244^a (-27.8%)^††	18.45 (-21.9%) ^#
C-T	187.32 (-29.2%)^††	989.35 (-26.6%)^α	87 (+27.9%)^§	5.87±0.231^a (-32.1%)^††	16.6 (-29.8%) ^#
	187.32 (-29.2%)^††	989.35 (-26.6%)^α	87 (+27.9%)^§	5.87±0.231^a (-32.1%)^††	16.6 (-29.8%) ^#
A-T	244.54 (-7.5%)^††	1294.28 (-4.0%)^α	73 (+7.4%)^§	7.56±0.292^c (-12.5%)^††	20.43 (-13.6%) ^#
	244.54 (-7.5%)^††	1294.28 (-4.0%)^α	73 (+7.4%)^§	7.56±0.292^c (-12.5%)^††	20.43 (-13.6%) ^#

N-C: normal control, S-C: smoke-exposed control, FVT-1: fed 50 mg FVBM extract/rat/day; FVT-2: fed 100 mg FVBM extract/rat/day, C-T, fed 1 mg F18 bioactive compound/rat/day and A-T: given 1 mg atorvastatin/rat/day for 4 weeks.

MDA: Malondialdehyde.

Significantly different from N-C at

The CD values are expressed as nmole MDA equivalents/mg protein. Basal conjugated diene represent the in-vivo status of oxidized LDL.

^**

The lag phase is defined as the interval between the intercept of the tangent of the slope of the curve with the time expressed in minutes.

^¥

The maximum in-vitro oxidation of LDL was achieved after 12 h of incubation with CuSo₄ in each group,

^†

Percent increase with respect to basal value in N-C,

^††

Percent decrease with respect to basal value in S-C,

^¶

Percent decrease with respect to lag phase value in N-C,

^§

Percent increase with respect to lag phase value in S-C,

^€

Percent increase with respect to maximal value in N-C,

^♯

Percent decrease with respect to maximal value in S-C, Significantly different from N-C at

P < 0.001.

⁺

Values are obtained from LDL subpopulation, isolated from plasma of 5 rats in each group.

p < 0.01, significantly different from S-C at

p < 0.05.