Table 1.

Spearman’s correlations (ρ) and p-values between z-scores and naïve and memory cells measured as log ratios to normal age-matched children.

Naïve and memory CD4-for-age ratio to uninfected children		Correlation with CD4 z-score obtained from the model
		On early treatment	At ART restart	In the long term
Early treatment	Naïve	ρ = 0.61, p < 10−4	ρ = 0.51, p < 10−4	ρ = 0.48, p < 10−4
	Memory	ρ = 0.40, p = 0.0009	ρ = 0.25, p = 0.048	ρ = 0.31, p = 0.012
Treatment restart	Naive	ρ = 0.43, p = 0.014	ρ = 0.76, p < 10−4	ρ = 0.67, p < 10−4
	Memory	ρ = 0.17, p = 0.36	ρ = 0.51, p = 0.0030	ρ = 0.51, p = 0.0033
Long-term treatment	Naïve	ρ = 0.69, p < 10−4	ρ = 0.44, p = 0.003	ρ = 0.83, p < 10−4
	Memory	ρ = 0.19, p = 0.23	ρ = 0.45, p = 0.0025	ρ = 0.50, p = 0.0006

Bold font is used to highlight p-values below 0.01. Naïve and memory cell counts were analyzed using at most one timepoint per participant during early therapy (chosen at random if more than one early-therapy timepoint per child was available); the first available timepoint on continuous therapy, included only if measured at <20 weeks after restarting ART; and the last available timepoint on continuous therapy, included only if measured >100 weeks after restarting ART.