Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of Aboriginal people in Western Australia enrolled before and after PCV13 introduction (1 July 2011), by age group (August 2008–November 2014)
| n (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5 years | 5–14 years | ≥15 years | |||||
| pre-PCV13 | post-PCV13 | pre-PCV13 | post-PCV13 | pre-PCV13 | post-PCV13 | Total | |
| S. pneumoniae carriage | |||||||
| Any serotype | 406 (72.2) | 334 (66.8) | 235 (49.4) | 251 (53.2) | 90 (19.5) | 41 (9.9)** | 1357 (47.0) |
| PCV7 serotype | 59 (10.5) | 32 (6.4)* | 35 (7.4) | 28 (5.9) | 9 (1.9) | 5 (1.2) | 168 (5.8) |
| PCV13-nonPCV7 serotype | 76 (13.5) | 29 (5.8)** | 40 (8.4) | 29 (6.1) | 10 (2.2) | 4 (1.0) | 188 (6.5) |
| PCV13 serotype | 133 (23.7)a | 60 (12.0)b** | 74 (15.5)b | 57 (12.1) | 19 (4.1) | 9 (2.2) | 352 (12.2) |
| Male | 307 (54.6) | 252 (50.6) | 249 (52.3) | 223 (47.2) | 117 (25.3) | 74 (17.9) | 1222 (42.4) |
| Respiratory symptoms | 65 (13.6) | 66 (13.2) | 14 (3.0) | 20 (4.2) | 26 (5.7) | 44 (10.7) | 235 (8.4) |
| Nasal discharge | 294 (60.2) | 234 (46.8)** | 170 (36.2) | 111 (23.5)** | 31 (6.8) | 43 (10.4) | 883 (31.5) |
| Remoteness index | |||||||
| Metropolitan | 68 (12.1) | 71 (14.2) | 62 (13.0) | 76 (16.1) | 26 (5.6) | 63 (15.3) | 366 (12.7) |
| Regional | 43 (7.7) | 73 (14.6) | 20 (4.2) | 40 (8.5) | 29 (6.3) | 57 (13.8) | 262 (9.1) |
| Remote | 451 (80.2) | 356 (71.2) | 394 (82.8) | 356 (75.4) | 407 (88.1) | 293 (70.9) | 2257 (78.2) |
| ≥5 people sharing (crowding) | 308 (65.7) | 280 (57.1)** | 291 (66.1) | 294 (66.4) | 282 (66.4) | 194 (47.8)** | 1649 (61.7) |
| Sharing with ≥1 child <5 years | 368 (78.6) | 326 (66.5)** | 336 (76.4) | 303 (69.0)* | 353 (83.6) | 272 (67.3)** | 1958 (73.5) |
| Antibiotic use in previous 2 weeks | 46 (8.5) | 60 (12.3) | 13 (2.7) | 35 (7.7)** | 23 (5.0) | 39 (9.5)* | 216 (7.6) |
| Indoor environmental tobacco smoke exposure | 103 (22.0) | 103 (21.2) | 91 (20.6) | 96 (21.7) | 131 (29.6) | 91 (22.5)* | 615 (22.9) |
| Any environmental tobacco smoke exposure | 325 (67.6) | 340 (69.7) | 272 (59.4) | 287 (64.3) | 297 (66.6) | 260 (63.9) | 1781 (65.3) |
| Smoker | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 237 (59.1) | 182 (52.1) | 419 (55.6) |
| Season | |||||||
| Summer | 43 (7.7) | 23 (4.6) | 51 (10.7) | 20 (4.2) | 18 (3.9) | 22 (5.3) | 177 (6.1) |
| Autumn | 108 (19.2) | 94 (18.8) | 103 (21.6) | 82 (17.4) | 91 (19.7) | 93 (22.5) | 571 (19.8) |
| Winter | 275 (48.9) | 242 (48.4) | 204 (42.9) | 183 (38.8) | 169 (36.6) | 190 (46.0) | 1263 (43.8) |
| Spring | 136 (24.2) | 141 (28.2) | 118 (24.8) | 187 (39.6) | 184 (39.8) | 108 (26.2) | 874 (30.3) |
| PCV7 vaccinated | 360 (88.9) | 144 (90.6) | 168 (69.4) | 134 (82.2) | N/A | N/A | 806 (83.2) |
| PCV13 vaccinatedc | N/A | 37 (59.7) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 37 (26.2) |
| Vaccination status unknown | 151 (26.8) | 283 (56.6) | 165 (34.7) | 295 (62.5) | N/A | N/A | 894 (44.5) |
| H. influenzae | 355 (63.2) | 274 (54.8)** | 170 (35.7) | 186 (39.4) | 40 (8.7) | 24 (5.8) | 1049 (36.4) |
| M. catarrhalis | 353 (62.8) | 356 (71.2)** | 193 (40.5) | 175 (37.1) | 60 (13.0) | 30 (7.3)** | 1167 (40.5) |
| S. aureus | 64 (11.4) | 30 (6.0)** | 73 (15.3) | 77 (16.3) | 46 (10.0) | 35 (8.5) | 325 (11.3) |
Denominators for proportions varied due to missing data. Proportions were compared using χ2
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
aTwo participants carried a PCV7 and PCV13-non-PCV7 serotype simultaneously
bOne participant carried a PCV7 and PCV13-non-PCV7 serotype simultaneously
cDenominator is number of participants at time of enrolment pre/post PCV13. Includes participants vaccinated with PCV7 prior to introduction of PCV13