Table 1. Sample characteristics.
|
Young HC |
Older HC |
UHR |
Recent-onset |
Chronic |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=15 |
n=12 |
n=10 |
n=18 |
n=15 |
||||||
| Sex (male/female) |
13/2 |
9/3 |
6/4 |
16/2 |
10/5 |
|||||
| Smoking status (yes/no)a |
6/9 |
2/10 |
3/7 |
12/6 |
8/7 |
|||||
| M | s.d. | M | s.d. | M | s.d. | M | s.d. | M | s.d. | |
| Age | 21.7 | 2.1 | 36.3 | 4.2 | 20.7 | 2.2 | 20.6 | 5.5 | 35.2 | 6.6 |
| BMI | 24.3 | 4.1 | 25.5 | 5.4 | 22 | 2.4 | 27.6 | 5.4 | 27.6 | 5.5 |
| Injected activity | 335.4 | 16.8 | 350.6 | 18.1 | 330.9 | 19 | 342.4 | 23.2 | 333.8 | 26.9 |
| Specific activity | 39.5 | 16.6 | 47.7 | 34.3 | 56.3 | 17.8 | 40.0 | 12.3 | 52.4 | 43.3 |
| DOI (years) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.5 | 1.0 | 13.6 | 8.8 |
| Age of symptom onset | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19.8 | 2.4 | 17.8 | 2.6 |
| Symptoms | ||||||||||
| General pathology (BPRS total)b | — | — | — | — | — | — | 38.3 | 10 | 48.4 | 12.4 |
| Positive symptoms (BPRS subscore)b | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12.6 | 4.6 | 19.5 | 7.8 |
| Negative symptoms (SANS)b | — | — | — | — | 30.3 | 12.7 | 23 | 13.5 | 35.5 | 19.9 |
| General functioning (SOFAS)b, c | 83.7 | 7.3 | 78.3 | 10.7 | 57.2 | 9.6 | 56.6 | 11.2 | 42.5 | 14.6 |
| Medication | ||||||||||
| Antipsychotic dose (CPZ-EQ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1444.1 | 2438.6 | 1582.4 | 1853.5 |
| n | % | n | % | |||||||
| Any antipsychotics | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | 78 | 15 | 100 |
| Typical treatment | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 11 | 9 | 60 |
| Atypical treatment | — | — | — | — | — | — | 12 | 67 | 3 | 20 |
| Combined typical and atypical | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 3 | 20 |
| No antipsychotic treatment | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 22 | 0 | 0 |
| Any mood medication | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 22 | 6 | 40 |
| No mood medication | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | 78 | 9 | 60 |
Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BMI, body mass index; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CPZ-EQ, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose (mg); DOI, duration of illness; HC, healthy control; M, mean; n, number; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SOFAS, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; UHR, ultra-high-risk.
a
Significant difference between chronic patients and older healthy controls (P<0.05).
b
Significant increase in chronic patients compared to recent-onset patients (P<0.05).
c
Significant increase in chronic patients compared to UHR patients (P<0.05).