TABLE 1.
Study participant characteristics and estimated vitamin K intake based on chemical analysis of provided diets1
| Refined-grain diet group | Whole-grain diet group | |
| Sex, n, M/F | 24/15 | 24/17 |
| Race, n | ||
| Caucasian | 20 | 23 |
| Black | 9 | 9 |
| Hispanic | 2 | 2 |
| Asian | 3 | 6 |
| Other/not reported | 5 | 1 |
| Age, y | 54 ± 5 | 55 ± 6 |
| Weight, kg | 75.3 ± 12.1 | 74.7 ± 12.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.8 ± 3.3 | 25.7 ± 3.9 |
| Phylloquinone, nmol/d | 401 ± 89 | 514 ± 87a |
| MK4, nmol/d | 130 ± 29 | 99 ± 18a |
| MK9, nmol/d | 165 ± 37 | 279 ± 48a |
| MK12, nmol/d | 21 ± 5 | 24 ± 4a |
| MK13, nmol/d | 5 ± 1 | 14 ± 3a |
| MK5–MK8, MK10–MK11, nmol/d | ND | ND |
1
Values are means ± SDs unless otherwise indicated. aP < 0.001, independent samples t test. MK, menaquinone; ND, not detected.