Actin patterns during C. elegans, R. axei and R. sp. SB347 spermatogenesis. Fixed spermatocytes and sperm labeled with DAPI (blue) and rhodamine-phalloidin (red) from C. elegans (A), R. axei (B) and R. sp. SB347 males (C). (C) A physical chromatin connection between X chromatid and the autosomes was apparent throughout anaphase II in the aldehyde-fixed specimens in both these and the TEM studies. Arrows indicate cortical actin ring (white), clearing of actin from one or both poles (orange), persistent cortical ring at the base of the X-bearing sperm (purple), and actin patches of residual body at former bud sites (green). Scale bars: 5 µm.