Table 4.

Relationship between maternal weight gain in pregnancy and maternally-reported symptoms and infections during the first year of life adjusting for the minimum adjustment set

Institute of Medicine Weight gain in pregnancy category	RR	(95% CI)	P-value	RR	(95% CI)	P-value	RR	(95% CI)	P-value
	Wheeze			Prolonged cough			LRTI
Inadequate	1.05	(0.92, 1.19)	0.4	0.93	(0.78, 1.11)	0.4	1.03	(0.86, 1.24)	0.7
Adequate	Reference
Excessive	0.97	(0.87, 1.09)	0.6	0.99	(0.86, 1.15)	0.9	0.93	(0.79, 1.09)	0.3
	Croup			Ear infection			Vomiting or diarrhoea
Inadequate	1.17	(0.85, 1.61)	0.3	0.94	(0.74, 1.18)	0.6	1.01	(0.90, 1.14)	0.9
Adequate	Reference
Excessive	0.86	(0.64, 1.15)	0.3	1.14	(0.95, 1.38)	0. 2	1.05	(0.96, 1.16)	0.3

DAG-identified confounders maternal age, education, parity, and smoking in pregnancy