Table 5.
Differentiation of pseudoprogression from true progression.
| Study (year) (ref) | Group (n) | Average age (year) | Imaging modality (method or model; parameter analysis) | Indexes | Threshold (Sp%, Sn%) | limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mangla et al. (2010) [150] | PsP (7) TP (12) |
61 | DSC-MRI (algorithm for leakage effect correction; ROI-based analysis) | rCBV | Percentage change in rCBV for discrimination of PsP and TP (85.7%, 76.9%) | Retrospective; different treatment management; small sample size |
|
| ||||||
| Martínez-Martínez and Martínez-Bosch (2014) [151] | PsP (17) TP (7) |
48 | DSR-MRI (leakage effect uncorrected; ROI-based analysis) | rCBV rPSR rPH |
rPH = 1.37 (82.2%, 88%) rCBV = 0.9 (100%, 100%) rPSR = 99% (70.6%, 100%) |
Retrospective; small sample size; impact of corticoid therapy on parameter evaluation; lack of histological confirmation |
|
| ||||||
| Prager et al. (2015) [152] | PsP (8) TP (43) |
55 | DSC-MRI (γ-variate function for leakage correction; ROI-based analysis) | rCBVlesion rCBVROI |
rCBVlesion = 1.07 (75%, 100%) rCBVROI = 1.74 (75%, 92.9%) |
Retrospective; small sample size of PsP; MGMT in some patients may affect the perfusion parameters |
|
| ||||||
| Baek et al. (2012) [153] | PsP (37) TP (42) |
49 | DSC-MRI (γ-variate function for leakage correction; histogram analysis) | nCBV | Percent change of skewness: 1.27% (79.2%, 85.7%) Percent change of kurtosis: 14% (73.0%, 61.9%) |
Different therapies in patients; results were obtained from only one observer |
|
| ||||||
| Tsien et al. (2010) [154] | PsP (13) TP (14) |
52 | DSC-MRI (leakage effect uncorrected, parametric response map) | rCBV rCBF |
Not provided; patients with progressive had reduced rCBV | Leakage effect may underestimate rCBV value |
|
| ||||||
| Gahramanov et al. (2013) [155] | PsP (9) TP (10) |
N/A | DSC-MRI (ferumoxytol for leakage correction) | rCBV | rCBV = 1.5 (Sp%, Sn% not provided) | Lack of histopathologic confirmation; small sample size |
|
| ||||||
| Suh et al. (2013) [156] | PsP (36) TP (43) |
50 | DCE-MRI (nonmodel fitting; histogram analysis) | AUCR mAUCRH |
mAUCRH = 0.31 (82.9%, 90.1%) AUC50 = 0.19 (83.1%, 87.2%) |
Lack of correlation between imaging measurements and specimen histology |
|
| ||||||
| Yun et al. (2015) [157] | PsP (16) TP (17) |
55 | DCE-MRI (ETK model; histogram analysis) |
K
trans Ve Vp |
K
trans = 0.347 (94%, 59%) Ve = 0.570 (56%, 88%) No significant difference of Vp between PsP and TP group |
Small relative sample size; lack of histological confirmation |