Table 2. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for non-vertebral fracture for each of the risk factors included in FRAX or Garvan estimates, and for the femoral subtrochanter architecture.
| SD unit | OR (95% CI) | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | + 7.21 year | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 0.242 |
| Height | + 6.40 cm | 1.39 (1.12–1.72) | 0.003 |
| Weight | – 10.7 kg | 1.19 (0.98–1.46) | 0.085 |
| Currently smoker | yes vs no | 1.41 (0.78–2.56) | 0.261 |
| Parental hip fracture | yes vs no | 0.97 (0.58–1.62) | 0.892 |
| Glucocorticoid use | yes vs no | 5.08 (1.03–25.2) | 0.047 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | yes vs no | 1.95 (0.75–5.06) | 0.170 |
| Hyperthyroidism | yes vs no | 1.63 (0.55–4.85) | 0.383 |
| Hypothyroidism | yes vs no | 2.43 (1.36–4.34) | 0.003 |
| Ulcerative colitis/Crohn’s disease | yes vs no | 2.81 (0.96–1.04) | 0.060 |
| Diabetes | yes vs no | 0.46 (0.08–0.77) | 0.774 |
| Early menopause < 45 year | vs ≥ 45 year | 1.81 (1.01–3.23) | 0.045 |
| Femoral neck (FN) aBMD | – 0.111 mg/cm2 | 2.11 (1.66–2.68) | < 0.001 |
| FRAX estimate (%) | + 6.82% | 2.04 (1.64–2.53) | < 0.001 |
| Falls in the last 12 months | ≥1 vs 0 | 0.92 (0.62–1.36) | 0.675 |
| Garvan estimate (%) | + 12.6% | 2.31 (1.84–2.91) | < 0.001 |
| Femoral subtrochanter architecture | |||
| Cortical porosity | + 4.01% | 1.71 (1.38–2.11) | < 0.001 |
| Cortical thickness | – 0.58 mm | 1.79 (1.44–2.23) | < 0.001 |
| Cortical cross-sectional area | – 39.5 mm2 | 1.52 (1.19–1.95) | 0.001 |
| Cortical vBMD | – 66 mg HA/cm3 | 1.71 (1.38–2.11) | < 0.001 |
| Cortical bone mineral content | – 183 mg HA | 1.91 (1.51–2.42) | 0.001 |
SD, standard deviation; aBMD, areal bone mineral density; vBMD, volumetric BMD; HA, hydroxyapatite; FRAX, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool for calculation of the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture; Garvan, Fracture Risk estimate of the 10-year fracture risk for any fragility fracture. Both FRAX and Garvan estimates are log-transformed and included FN aBMD.